Avoidance of any identifiable triggers and improvement in running practice. This involves not running in the same direction excessively, avoiding running downhill or on cambered or slippery surfaces, slow increases in running distance and frequency, limiting the distance run, and good running shoes.[15]Messier SP, Edwards DG, Martin DF, et al. Etiology of iliotibial band friction syndrome in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jul;27(7):951-60.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7564981?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]Barber FA, Sutker AN. Iliotibial band syndrome. Sports Med. 1992 Aug;14(2):144-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1509227?tool=bestpractice.com
[18]Dahan R. Rehabilitation of muscle-tendon injuries to the hip, pelvis, and groin areas. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 1997;5:326-33. Training considerations include stretching of the iliotibial band and strengthening of the hip abductor and external rotator muscles.[7]Fredericson M, Weir A. Practical management of iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2006 May;16(3):261-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778549?tool=bestpractice.com
[39]Distefano LJ, Blackburn JT, Marshall SW, et al. Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Jul;39(7):532-40.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574661?tool=bestpractice.com
In male runners with excessive knee varus in stance, a motor control approach should be considered.[23]Noehren B, Schmitz A, Hempel R, et al. Assessment of strength, flexibility, and running mechanics in men with iliotibial band syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Mar;44(3):217-22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258688
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450366?tool=bestpractice.com
[45]Barrios JA, Crossley KM, Davis IS. Gait retraining to reduce the knee adduction moment through real-time visual feedback of dynamic knee alignment. J Biomech. 2010 Aug 10;43(11):2208-13.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914211
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452595?tool=bestpractice.com
The techniques have not been evaluated in runners with iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). However, knee adduction improvements in healthy participants with excessive knee varus in walking have been reported using motion capture and faded feedback over 8 sessions.[45]Barrios JA, Crossley KM, Davis IS. Gait retraining to reduce the knee adduction moment through real-time visual feedback of dynamic knee alignment. J Biomech. 2010 Aug 10;43(11):2208-13.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914211
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452595?tool=bestpractice.com
The verbal cues were "bring your thighs close together" and "walk with your knees close together".