Complications
Profuse watery diarrhea can lead to profound dehydration in some situations due to parasite-induced damage to intestinal brush border and secretion of fluid due to increased permeability of small-intestinal epithelial cells. Infants and pregnant women are particularly at risk.[72]
Even in asymptomatic patients, 10% to 20% of body weight can be lost due to malabsorption of fats, sugars, carbohydrates, and vitamins.
Described nutritional deficiencies include fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin B12, folate, protein and amino acids, and D-xylose and disaccharides.[4][7] Hypoalbuminemia and secondary lactase deficiency may also occur.
Occurs in 20% to 40% of patients. This syndrome may take several weeks to resolve. Thus, a trial of avoiding lactose-containing foods and liquids should be instituted if the stool is negative for G duodenalis.
Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome is also common.
A form of follicular hyperkeratosis associated with vitamin A and C deficiency or deficiency of essential fatty acids.[92]
Requires treatment of giardiasis and appropriate nutritional support.
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