AD is the most common form of dementia.
The number of people living with dementia worldwide more than doubled from 20.2 million in 1990 to 43.8 million in 2016.[5]GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):88-106.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(18)30403-4/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30497964?tool=bestpractice.com
This increase was caused mainly by increases in population aging and growth. The World Health Organization predicts that the total number of people with dementia will reach 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050.[6]World Health Organization. Dementia: key facts. Sep 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
The estimated proportion of the general population ages 60 years and over with dementia at a given time is between 5% and 8%.[6]World Health Organization. Dementia: key facts. Sep 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
In the US, AD accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of dementia cases. It affects around 5% of the population below the age of 70 years; prevalence increases to 30% in people over 80 years. There are currently an estimated 5.8 million people in the US with AD, and this is projected to increase to an estimated 14 million by 2050.[7]Arvanitakis Z, Shah RC, Bennett DA. Diagnosis and management of dementia: review. JAMA. 2019 Oct 22;322(16):1589-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462122
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31638686?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C. Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1337-42.
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1337
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9736873?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Kelley BJ, Petersen RC. Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurol Clin. 2007 Aug;25(3):577-609.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17659182?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, et al. Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census. Neurology. 2013 May 7;80(19):1778-83.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3719424
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390181?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence of AD in Europe has been estimated to be around 5%, with an incidence of 11.08 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 10.30 to 11.89); both increase with age.[11]Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Guillén-Grima F, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: a meta-analysis. Neurologia. 2017 Oct;32(8):523-32.
http://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition--495-articulo-prevalence-incidence-alzheimer39s-disease-in-S2173580817301232
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130306?tool=bestpractice.com
AD occurs more commonly in women than in men.[5]GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):88-106.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(18)30403-4/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30497964?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Niu H, Álvarez-Álvarez I, Guillén-Grima F, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: a meta-analysis. Neurologia. 2017 Oct;32(8):523-32.
http://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition--495-articulo-prevalence-incidence-alzheimer39s-disease-in-S2173580817301232
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130306?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence of dementia is higher in black and Hispanic people than in white people.[12]Demirovic JA, Prineas R, Loewenstein D, et al. Prevalence of dementia in three ethnic groups: the South Florida program on aging and health. Ann Epidemiol. 2003 Jul;13(6):472-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12875807?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Matthews KA, Xu W, Gaglioti AH, et al. Racial and ethnic estimates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States (2015-2060) in adults aged ≥65 years. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Jan;15(1):17-24.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6333531
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243772?tool=bestpractice.com
Early onset AD (age <60 years) is often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and accounts for <1% of cases.