Complications
Dysphagia of liquids and solids may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Recurrent pneumonia typically characterizes the terminal stages of AD and is often the cause of death.
Loss of independence, isolation, and depression may coexist with physical complications such as bed sores and muscle contractures.
Urinary incontinence may require insertion of a urinary catheter, which is known to increase the risk of UTIs. Untreated UTIs can lead to serious, life-threatening complications, including sepsis and multiorgan failure.
Disorientation, apraxia, and impaired mobility all increase the risk of falls. Polypharmacy may contribute to orthostatic hypotension and confusion. Complications of falls include fractures, head injury, and prolonged immobilization (which can lead to further life-threatening complications such as thromboembolism).
Weight loss may be associated with protein and energy malnutrition, leading to severe complications such as alteration of the immune system, muscular atrophy, and loss of independence.
Caregiver burden, isolation, neglect, limited resources, and ageist attitudes all contribute to this phenomenon. Financial motives may also complicate end-of-life decisions and legal arrangements.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer