Prognosis
The prognosis is excellent for most patients with viral gastroenteritis. However, serious morbidity or death may occur if volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances are not recognized and managed properly. In the US, 450,000 adults and 160,000 children are hospitalized for this condition each year, and more than 4000 deaths occur.[5] Usually, once patients recover, there are no long-term consequences.
Intolerance of carbohydrates (e.g., lactose) and proteins (cows' milk, soy protein) can develop in a minority of patients after an episode of viral gastroenteritis. Careful avoidance of lactose or other foods to which the patient is intolerant might be sufficient to avoid symptoms. Reintroduction of such foods without adverse consequences is possible in most cases after complete recovery.
Evidence suggests that some patients can develop irritable bowel syndrome after an acute gastroenteritis episode.[46] Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome symptoms may decrease over time.[46]
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