Screening
There is no role for screening of the asymptomatic population.
Bone marrow failure syndromes
Due to the risk of developing AML and secondary malignancies, patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (e.g., Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia) would benefit from regular complete blood count (CBC) to screen for the development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or AML.[22]
Aplastic anemia
It is recommended that patients with aplastic anemia be followed up regularly (e.g., with CBC, immunophenotyping) to detect the development of clonal disorders such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, MDS, or AML.[58] See Aplastic anemia.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy
These patients are at increased risk for secondary malignancies (including AML). Regular monitoring with CBC and peripheral blood film, and early bone marrow investigation if AML is suspected, is recommended.[59]
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