Prognosis

Recurrence

The 3-year cumulative risk of a subsequent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after an index SCC is 18%. This is at least a 10-fold increase in incidence compared with the incidence of first tumors in a comparable general population.[138] Between 70% and 80% of recurrences occur within 2 years of initial therapy.[73]​

Prognosis depends on the depth of tumor invasion, histologic pattern, and immunologic status of the patient.[139][140][141]​​

Metastasis

Generally the metastatic potential of SCC is low; approximately 2% to 4% of tumors metastasize.[73][141][142] Increased depth of invasion of SCC and size is strongly associated with local recurrence, metastasis, and death. Metastases are more common in tumors of the ear (10%) or lip (30%), scalp, and extremities, and especially in patients who have received immunosuppressive therapy. For those with metastatic disease, the long-term prognosis is extremely poor.[142] Ten-year survival rates are <20% for patients with regional lymph node involvement and <10% for patients with distant metastases.

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