Insomnia is a common condition. About 30% of the general population report sleep disruption, and 10% to 15% have insomnia disorder with sleep difficulties, associated impairment, and duration that meet the diagnostic criteria.[2]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM international classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). Jun 2023 [internet publication].
https://aasm.org/clinical-resources/international-classification-sleep-disorders
[8]Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev. 2002 Apr;6(2):97-111.
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[9]National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults, June 13-15, 2005. Sleep. 2005 Sep;28(9):1049-57.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16268373?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Morin CM, LeBlanc M, Bélanger L, et al. Prevalence of insomnia and its treatment in Canada. Can J Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;56(9):540-8.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/070674371105600905
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Poor workplace performance, healthcare utilization, and accidents due to insomnia have been estimated to cost the US $100 billion annually.[11]Wickwire EM, Shaya FT, Scharf SM. Health economics of insomnia treatments: the return on investment for a good night's sleep. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Dec;30:72-82.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26874067?tool=bestpractice.com
Reports of insomnia increase with advanced age, which may be related to physiologic changes in sleep inherent in the aging process and also to poorer health in older adults.[12]Benca RM, Ancoli-Israel S, Moldofsky H. Special considerations in insomnia diagnosis and management: depressed, elderly, and chronic pain populations. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(suppl 8):26-35.
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[13]Cochen V, Arbus C, Soto ME, et al. Sleep disorders and their impacts on healthy, dependent, and frail older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Apr;13(4):322-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19300867?tool=bestpractice.com
[14]Smagula SF, Stone KL, Fabio A, et al. Risk factors for sleep disturbances in older adults: evidence from prospective studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Feb;25:21-30.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506260
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In every age cohort, women report more subjective sleep abnormalities than men.[15]Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L, et al. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Mar 15;39(6):411-8.
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[16]Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Insomnia and its treatment: prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Mar;42(3):225-32.
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[17]Lindberg E, Janson C, Gislason T, et al. Sleep disturbances in a young adult population: can gender differences be explained by differences in psychological status? Sleep. 1997 Jun;20(6):381-7.
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