Emerging treatments

Nitazoxanide

Two small randomized studies have shown that nitazoxanide, a thiazolide anti-infective agent, can decrease median time of symptoms in patients with rotavirus, norovirus, or adenovirus gastroenteritis.[37][38] Given that healthy adults with viral gastroenteritis recover promptly with supportive care alone, this agent should be reserved for patients experiencing unusually severe symptoms or for patients who are immunocompromised.[39]

Probiotics

Probiotics are safe and may be effective in viral gastroenteritis. Some studies have suggested a reduction in duration of diarrhea. However, one Cochrane review was unable to determine whether probiotics shorten recovery time and identified evidence of publication bias in this area of research.[40] Reliable evidence from further studies is needed to determine whether probiotics help treat acute infectious diarrhea.[40]

Diosmectite

Diosmectite, an activated natural aluminosilicate clay, appears to have some benefit in adults with acute diarrhea; one phase 4 study has been completed but further research is required.[41][42]

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