Primary prevention
Prevention of active TB includes appropriate testing for latent TB infection (LTBI) and treatment of individuals with LTBI who are at increased risk for reactivation (targeted TB testing and treatment). Strategies for prevention of TB include preventing HIV infection and intravenous drug use. BCG vaccine is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is used in many parts of the world. BCG vaccination is effective in prevention of TB meningitis and disseminated TB in infants and young children, although its efficacy in older patients is uncertain and under investigation.[16][35] It is not routinely offered in the US. There may be rare indications for its use in the US (e.g., an infant whose mother has smear-positive multidrug-resistant TB). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that travelers from the US who anticipate prolonged exposure to TB or are planning prolonged stays in TB-endemic countries should have pre- and post-travel testing.[36][37]
Secondary prevention
Active TB, confirmed or highly suspected, is a reportable condition to the local health authorities.
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