Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
low

Surgical specialists should be consulted.

May lead to the need for amputation.

short term
low

May be severe, but usually resolves quickly once doxycycline is started.[43] Cases of interstitial pneumonia and pleural effusion have been reported.​[44][45]

short term
low

May be severe and even fatal. Commonly occurs with fever, and 70% to 75% may also have maculopapular rash, headache, and hepatosplenomegaly. Recovery is normally within 48 hours of starting doxycycline. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is similar to that seen in leptospirosis, viral, or tuberculous meningitis with a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, usually near-normal CSF glucose, and mildly elevated protein.[46][47]

short term
low

Cases of myocarditis have been reported.[48][49][50]​​​​ If severe, cardiologist involvement is recommended. Myocarditis has been associated with increased mortality.[40]

short term
low

May be transient. Dialysis is rarely required.

short term
low

May be transient or permanent, unilateral or bilateral. Thought to be caused by vasculitis-induced cochlear damage or possibly immune mediated.[51]

short term
low

Surgical specialists should be consulted. Surgical debridement and skin grafting may be required.[52]

short term
low

Ocular involvement is common but is usually asymptomatic and self-limited.[53] Rarely, patients may present with retinitis.[54][55] Other rare ocular complications include keratitis, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, macular oedema, optic neuritis, and endophthalmitis​​​​.[53][56]​​

short term
low

May include acute liver failure (hepatomegaly, deranged liver function tests), pulmonary involvement (pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome), acute kidney injury, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Has been associated with septic shock.[57]​ Intensive care unit supportive care is usually required in the short term. With prompt diagnosis and treatment of the rickettsial infection most people will make a complete recovery.

variable
medium

Some patients have described a long period of lethargy after recovery, akin to a post-infectious chronic fatigue condition.[38]​​

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