The incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) increases with age, typically occurring in those older than 50 years and rarely in younger individuals. In a population-based study conducted in Minnesota between 2000 and 2014, the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of PMR was 63.9/100,000 population aged ≥50 years.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
The mean age at diagnosis was 74 years, and 64% of patients were women.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence appears highest in those of northern European descent.[3]Cimmino MA, Zaccaria A. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000;18:S9-S11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10948749?tool=bestpractice.com
PMR occurs in nonwhite populations, but the epidemiology has not been well studied in these populations. The incidence of PMR appears to be increasing both in the US and in Europe. A geographical gradient has been observed in Europe, decreasing from north to south: the highest incidence rates have been reported in Norway and the lowest rates in Italy, Spain, and Israel.[4]Nothnagl T, Leeb BF. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Drugs Aging. 2006;23:391-402.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823992?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Soubrier M, Dubost JJ, Ristori JM. Polymyalgia rheumatica: diagnosis and treatment. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73:599-605.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17113808?tool=bestpractice.com
Cyclic fluctuations in the incidence of PMR have been observed, and there does not appear to be an increase in mortality associated with PMR.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Lopez-Diaz MJ, et al. Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1454-1461.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19790127?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Partington R, Muller S, Mallen CD, et al. Mortality among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: A retrospective cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Aug 2 [Epub ahead of print].
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.24403
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32741132?tool=bestpractice.com