MGUS is present in about 2% to 3% of the white population aged 50 years and older.[5]Kyle RA, Larson DR, Therneau TM, et al. Long-term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 18;378(3):241-9.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1709974
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29342381?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Oct;85(10):933-42.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1537-42.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence increases with age; crude estimates indicate that there are likely 3-5 million Americans affected with MGUS. MGUS is more common in men than in women, affecting about 3% of white men and about 2% of white women.[5]Kyle RA, Larson DR, Therneau TM, et al. Long-term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 18;378(3):241-9.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1709974
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29342381?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Oct;85(10):933-42.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1537-42.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com
MGUS is 2 to 3 times more common in black people than in white people.[6]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Oct;85(10):933-42.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1537-42.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Landgren O, Weiss BM. Patterns of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma in various ethnic/racial groups: support for genetic factors in pathogenesis. Leukemia. 2009 Oct;23(10):1691-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587704?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Landgren O, Katzmann JA, Hsing AW, et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among men in Ghana. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Dec;82(12):1468-73.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053453?tool=bestpractice.com
This is consistent with patterns seen for multiple myeloma. However, the rate of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma (about 0.5% to 1.0% per year) is the same for black people and for white people.[10]Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. Long-term follow-up of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:169-171.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12720130?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, et al. Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States. Blood. 2006 Feb 1;107(3):904-6.
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/107/3/904/22154/Risk-of-monoclonal-gammopathy-of-undetermined
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210333?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Turesson I, Kovalchik SA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden. Blood. 2014 Jan 16;123(3):338-45.
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/123/3/338/32296/Monoclonal-gammopathy-of-undetermined-significance
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222331?tool=bestpractice.com
Although underlying biologic mechanisms remain unclear, there is evidence of heterogeneity among MGUS patients of different ancestries. For example, compared with white people, black people with MGUS have reportedly lower rates of IgM MGUS than of IgG or IgA.
A geographic disparity in the prevalence of MGUS has been reported in the US: the adjusted prevalence of MGUS was 3.1% in the North/Midwest versus 2.1% in the South/West.[7]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1537-42.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com