Criteria

  • Positive history and examination findings: symptoms of inspiratory or biphasic wheeze, inspiratory stridor, episodic dyspnea, cough, throat tightness, dysphonia and/or laryngospasm, presence of a sensory trigger, and palpable laryngeal tension on examination.[35]

  • No response to asthma treatment, or worsening of symptoms with inhalers.

  • Abnormal laryngeal findings with flexible nasolaryngoscopy; however, a normal examination does not exclude a diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold motion (intermittent laryngeal obstruction) (PVFM/ILO).[75][85]​​

  • Truncated inspiratory loop on spirometry; however, normal inspiratory loops do not exclude a diagnosis of PVFM/ILO.​[85][86]​​[75]

  • Exclusion of other types of laryngeal disease.

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