Emerging treatments
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Standard treatment for many of the combined immunodeficiencies. There are also case reports describing the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in antibody deficiency (particularly combined variable immunodeficiency with significant complications).[61] However, due to potentially high rates of morbidity and mortality, it is likely to be used only in select cases for primary antibody deficiency refractory to all other treatments, and only when benefits outweigh risks.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy has been used successfully to treat X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), adenosine deaminase-deficient SCID, and chronic granulomatous disease. Theoretically, it could be used to treat antibody deficiency syndromes with known genetic defects (e.g., X-linked agammaglobulinemia).
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