History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
common
history of jet travel across at least 2 time zones
To make the diagnosis of jet lag disorder, jet travel across at least 2 time zones is essential. The greater the number of time zones crossed, the worse the symptoms.[1]
The departure time will determine the amount of sleep in flight, which will establish the rapidity of resolution of symptoms. The arrival time determines the local environmental cues and the circadian phase at the time of arrival.
difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
Difficulty initiating sleep is more frequent with eastward travel, although may occur with any direction of travel. Westward travel will more frequently cause difficulty maintaining sleep.[1]
reduction of total sleep time
Sleep disturbance and difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep will result in a reduction of total sleep hours.
daytime sleepiness
Excessive daytime sleepiness will be proportional to the number of time zones crossed.
reduced daytime alertness
Patients report impaired daytime functioning and inability to concentrate when completing difficult tasks.
Other diagnostic factors
common
nausea, abdominal distension, constipation
Gastrointestinal symptoms are usually short lived.
general malaise
May occur within 1-2 days of travel.
uncommon
muscle cramps
May occur within 1-2 days of travel.
Risk factors
strong
multiple time zones crossed and rapidity of travel
The greater the number of time zones crossed, the worse the symptoms.[1]
The departure time will determine the amount of sleep in flight, which will establish the rapidity of resolution of symptoms. The arrival time determines the local environmental cues and the circadian phase at the time of arrival.
sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation before initiation of travel and during travel increases the severity of symptoms.
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