Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
long term
high

Bone mineral density (BMD) correlates significantly with circulating estrogen. Earlier menopause has been shown to correspond to lower BMD scores later in life. Several studies have demonstrated a connection between early menopause, oophorectomy, and fracture risk.[63]

Osteoporosis

long term
medium

Premature menopause (before age 40 years) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.[38]​[64][65]​​ The earlier the onset of POF, the stronger the association with cardiovascular complications (mainly due to coronary artery disease and stroke). One study documented mortality rates that are twice as high in women with POF, a fact that persisted even with estrogen supplementation.[6]

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