History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
common
incongruence between birth-assigned sex and experienced gender
Gender incongruence, as defined in ICD-11, is characterised by a marked and persistent discordance between an individual´s experienced gender and their birth-assigned sex, which often leads to a desire to ‘transition’, in order to live and be accepted as a person of the experienced gender, for example, through hormonal treatment, surgery or other healthcare services.[1]
altered appearance or affect
Patients may adopt the clothing, hairstyles, vocal styles, and mannerisms of their experienced gender.[2]
Risk factors
weak
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Some observations suggest people with gender incongruence and gender dysphoria show more features of ASD than the general population.[12][13][26] At one gender clinic prevalence of autistic traits consistent with a clinical diagnosis of ASD among individuals undertaking treatment was 5.5%, compared with reports of 0.5% to 2.0% ASD diagnoses in the general population.[26]
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Klinefelter's syndrome
Associated with a slightly elevated rate of gender incongruence/dysphoria.[18]
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