Epidemiology

It is difficult to estimate the size of the transgender population, given the diversity within this group, including the fact that many individuals do not seek care from specialised centres.[2][10]​​​ For both those assigned male and those assigned female at birth, prevalence is estimated to be <0.1%.[2] This figure is based on gender-affirming treatment-seeking populations, and is therefore likely to be an underestimation.[2] According to (anonymous) UK census data from 2021, around 0.5% of the population disclosed that their gender identity and sex registered at birth were different.[11]

Some observations suggest children and adults with gender incongruence and gender dysphoria show more features of autism spectrum disorder than the general population.[12][13] Gender incongruence and dysphoria may be associated with intersex, genetic, or sex chromosome abnormalities. These should not be assumed to be causative, and their presence rarely alters clinical management.

As a group, transgender people experience an increased risk of general mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidality, and substance use disorders.[1][2]​​[14]​​ A number of external social factors including stigma, discrimination, and minority stress have been suggested as contributors.[15]

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer