Ganglions are the most common type of tumour located within the hand and wrist.[1]Athanasian E. Bone and soft tissue tumors. In: Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Peterson WC, et al, eds. Green's operative hand surgery. 5th ed. Churchill Livingston; 2005:2221-32. They are more likely to be present in women and have a female to male ratio of 3:1.[2]Steen MW, Hofstede DJ. Ganglion and synovial cyst of the temporomandibular joint: a case report and literature review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Sep;3(9):e524.
https://www.doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000000494
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26495237?tool=bestpractice.com
In children, the female to male ratio is 1.4:1 to 1.8:1.[3]Coffey MJ, Fazlur Rahman M, Thirkannad SM. Pediatric ganglion cysts of the hand and wrist: an epidemiologic analysis. Hand (NY). 2008 Dec;3(4):359-62.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780007?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Bram JT, Falk DP, Chang B, et al. Clinical presentation and characteristics of hand and wrist ganglion cysts in children. J Hand Surg Am. 2021 Apr 19:S0363-5023(21)00160-X.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.02.026
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33888379?tool=bestpractice.com
The condition usually affects patients in their second to fourth decades, but can be present at any age.[5]Minotti P, Taras JS. Ganglion cysts of the wrist. Journal of American Society for Surgery of the Hand. 2002 May;2(2):102-7.
Dorsal ganglions account for roughly 60% to 70% of ganglion cysts, while volar wrist ganglions account for the remainder.[6]Nelson CL, Sawmiller S, Phalen GS. Ganglions of the wrist and hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972 Oct;54(7):1459-64. Volar cyst incidence may be similar or exceed that of dorsal ganglion cyst incidence in children aged ≤10 years; dorsal wrist location predominates in children >10 years and adults.[3]Coffey MJ, Fazlur Rahman M, Thirkannad SM. Pediatric ganglion cysts of the hand and wrist: an epidemiologic analysis. Hand (NY). 2008 Dec;3(4):359-62.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780007?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Bram JT, Falk DP, Chang B, et al. Clinical presentation and characteristics of hand and wrist ganglion cysts in children. J Hand Surg Am. 2021 Apr 19:S0363-5023(21)00160-X.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.02.026
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33888379?tool=bestpractice.com
Ganglions most often originate within the wrist joint in the adult population, but occasionally may arise from the tendon sheath. Patients under aged 13 years have a higher percentage of ganglions arising from the tendon sheath (33%) compared with adults.[3]Coffey MJ, Fazlur Rahman M, Thirkannad SM. Pediatric ganglion cysts of the hand and wrist: an epidemiologic analysis. Hand (NY). 2008 Dec;3(4):359-62.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780007?tool=bestpractice.com