The World Health Organization has estimated that up to 55 million people experience an eye injury each year, with 1.6 million developing blindness, 2.3 million developing bilateral low vision, and almost 19 million developing unilateral blindness or low vision.[4]Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998 Sep;5(3):143-69.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9805347?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, estimates derived from meta-analysis indicate eye injury pooled prevalence of 7.5 per 100; the comparable figure for eye injury-associated vision impairment and blindness was 5.1 per 1000.[5]Swain T, McGwin G Jr. The prevalence of eye injury in the United States, estimates from a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2020 Jun;27(3):186-93.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847651?tool=bestpractice.com
About half of all reported eye injuries occur in people aged 18 to 45 years, with a quarter each occurring in younger (0 to 18 years) and older (≥46 years) age groups. Men are typically at five times greater risk of eye injury across all age groups, except for fall-related injuries (when women have greater risk).[1]Kuhn F, Mester V, Berta A, et al. Epidemiology of severe eye injuries: the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) and the Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR) [in German]. Ophthalmologe. 1998 May;95(5):332-43.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9643026?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Maltzman BA, Pruzon H, Mund ML. A survey of ocular trauma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1976 Nov-Dec;21(3):285-90.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1013882?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Desai P, MacEwen CJ, Baines P, et al. Epidemiology and implications of ocular trauma admitted to the hospital in Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996 Aug;50(4):436-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1060315
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8882228?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Briner AM. Penetrating eye injuries associated with motor vehicles accidents. Med J Aust. 1976 Jun 12;1(24):912-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/979746?tool=bestpractice.com
Falls are an important cause of eye trauma in the US (approximately 33.8 encounters per 100,000 population), especially in women, older people, and children.[9]Usmani B, Latif A, Iftikhar M, et al. Eye trauma in falls presenting to the emergency department from 2006 through 2015. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb;105(2):198-204.
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In the US, the risk of ocular trauma requiring open globe repair is associated with age 21 to 40 years, male sex, black and Hispanic ethnicity (inverse for Asian vs. white), and Southern and Western regions.[10]Katz J, Tielsch JM. Lifetime prevalence of ocular injuries from Baltimore eye survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Nov;111(11):1564-8.
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[11]Tomaiuolo M, Woreta FA, Li A, et al. Open-globe injury repairs in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® registry 2014 through 2018: incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar 15;S0161-6420(23)00154-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36924850?tool=bestpractice.com