In almost all cases, the prognosis of CLM is entirely benign, although the migrating larvae can cause considerable distress and discomfort. For individuals living in endemic areas with frequent episodes of infection, quality of life may be significantly impaired.[9]Schuster A, Lesshafft H, Talhari S, et al. Life quality impairment caused by hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans in resource-poor communities in Manaus, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Nov;5(11):e1355.
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001355
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087341?tool=bestpractice.com
Without treatment, migrating larvae will die in the skin after about 2 to 8 weeks, although manifestations have been reported to last for months in some cases.[22]Blackwell V, Vega-Lopez F. Cutaneous larva migrans: clinical features and management of 44 cases presenting in the returning traveller. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Sep;145(3):434-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11531833?tool=bestpractice.com
Once treated, symptoms rapidly resolve and skin findings disappear, usually within 1 week.[30]Bouchaud O, Houzé S, Schiemann R, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans in travelers: a prospective study, with assessment of therapy with ivermectin. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):493-8. [Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb 1;32(3):523.]
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/31/2/493/296786
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987711?tool=bestpractice.com
Relapse
Symptoms and skin findings may recur after an initial positive response to treatment, probably because the hookworm larvae were damaged but not completely killed. Relapse usually occurs within weeks of the initial presentation and responds in most cases to a repeated course of treatment.[3]Tremblay A, MacLean JD, Gyorkos T, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans in a group of travellers. Trop Med Int Health. 2000 May;5(5):330-34.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00557.x/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886795?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Blackwell V, Vega-Lopez F. Cutaneous larva migrans: clinical features and management of 44 cases presenting in the returning traveller. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Sep;145(3):434-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11531833?tool=bestpractice.com
[30]Bouchaud O, Houzé S, Schiemann R, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans in travelers: a prospective study, with assessment of therapy with ivermectin. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):493-8. [Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb 1;32(3):523.]
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/31/2/493/296786
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987711?tool=bestpractice.com
CLM-related folliculitis
Folliculitis due to animal hookworms may require several rounds of anthelmintic therapy.[5]Caumes E, Ly F, Bricaire F. Cutaneous larva migrans with folliculitis: report of seven cases and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Feb;146(2):314-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11903247?tool=bestpractice.com