Rabies

World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper. April 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a modified preexposure prophylaxis vaccination schedule to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies: WHO TRS N°1012 (third report). April 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59:1-9.Full text  Abstract

Willoughby RE Jr, Tieves KS, Hoffman GM, et al. Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2508-2514.Full text  Abstract

1. World Health Organization. Zero by 30: the global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030. June 2018 [internet publication].Full text

2. Rawat AK, Rao SK. Survival of a rabies patient. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48:574. Abstract

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Presumptive abortive human rabies - Texas, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:185-190.Full text  Abstract

4. Karahocagil MK, Akdeniz H, Aylan O, et al. Complete recovery from clinical rabies: case report. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2013;33:547-552.Full text

5. Hampson K, Coudeville L, Lembo T, et al. Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003709.Full text  Abstract

6. Rupprecht CE, Gibbons RV. Clinical practice: prophylaxis against rabies. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2626-2635. Abstract

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human rabies. Sep 2021 [internet publication].Full text

8. Pieracci EG, Pearson CM, Wallace RM, et al. Vital signs: trends in human rabies deaths and exposures - United States, 1938-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Jun 14;68(23):524-8.Full text  Abstract

9. Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: three human rabies deaths attributed to bat exposures - United States, August 2021. Jan 2022 [internetpublication.Full text

10. Blackburn D, Minhaj FS, Al Hammoud R, et al. Human rabies — Texas, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1547-49.Full text

11. Pan American Health Organisation. Rabies persists in only four countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. 21 September 2018 [internet publication].Full text

12. Rotivel Y, Goudal M, Wirth S, et al. Rabies is a risk for travelling children [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 1998;5:561-567. Abstract

13. Noah DL, Drenzek CL, Smith JS, et al. Epidemiology of human rabies in the United States, 1980 to 1996. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:922-930. Abstract

14. Blanton JD, Palmer D, Dyer J, et al. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2010. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011;239:773-783.Full text  Abstract

15. Messenger SL, Smith JS, Rupprecht CE. Emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:738-747.Full text  Abstract

16. Public Health England. Public Health England warns travellers of rabies risk. 12 November 2018 [internet publication].Full text

17. Velasco-Villa A, Reeder SA, Orciari LA, et al. Enzootic rabies elimination from dogs and reemergence in wild terrestrial carnivores, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1849-1854. Abstract

18. ​World Health Organization. Rabies. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text

19. Gunawardena PS, Marston DA, Ellis RJ, et al. Lyssavirus in Indian Flying Foxes, Sri Lanka. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Aug;22(8):1456-9.Full text  Abstract

20. Aréchiga Ceballos N, Vázquez Morón S, Berciano JM, et al. Novel lyssavirus in bat, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 May;19(5):793-5.Full text  Abstract

21. Hu SC, Hsu CL, Lee MS, et al. Lyssavirus in Japanese Pipistrelle, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Apr;24(4):782-785.Full text  Abstract

22. Vora NM, Basavaraju SV, Feldman KA, et al; Transplant-Associated Rabies Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Raccoon rabies virus variant transmission through solid organ transplantation. JAMA. 2013;310:398-407. Abstract

23. Monroe BP, Yager P, Blanton J, et al. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2014. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016;248:777-788.Full text  Abstract

24. Zhou H, Zhu W, Zeng J, et al. Probable rabies virus transmission through organ transplantation, China, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1348-1352.Full text  Abstract

25. Saeed B, Al-Mousawi M. Rabies acquired through kidney transplantation in a child: a case report. Exp Clin Transplant. 2017;15:355-357.Full text  Abstract

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Translocation of an anteater (tamandua tetradactyla) infected with rabies from Virginia to Tennessee resulting in multiple human exposures, 2021. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

27. Lafon M. Rabies virus receptors. J Neurovirol. 2005;11:82-87. Abstract

28. Jackson AC. Diabolical effects of rabies encephalitis. J Neurovirol. 2016;22:8-13. Abstract

29. Rossiter JP, Hsu L, Jackson AC. Selective vulnerability of dorsal root ganglia neurons in experimental rabies after peripheral inoculation of CVS-11 in adult mice. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;118:249-259. Abstract

30. Hemachudha T, Wacharapluesadee S, Mitrabhakdi E, et al. Pathophysiology of human paralytic rabies. J Neurovirol. 2005;11:93-100. Abstract

31. Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, et al. Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:498-513. Abstract

32. Gibbons RV. Cryptogenic rabies, bats, and the question of aerosol transmission. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:528-536. Abstract

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - rabies. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

34. World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper. April 2018 [internet publication].Full text

35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a modified preexposure prophylaxis vaccination schedule to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

36. UK Health Security Agency. Rabies: the green book, chapter 27. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

37. Kessels JA, Recuenco S, Navarro-Vela AM, et al. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95:210C-219C.Full text  Abstract

38. Anderson LJ, Nicholson KG, Tauxe RV, et al. Human rabies in the United States, 1960 to 1979: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:728-735. Abstract

39. Soun VV, Eidson M, Trimarchi CV, et al. Antemortem diagnosis of New York human rabies case and review of U.S. cases. Int J Biomed Sci. 2006;2:433-444.

40. Hemachudha T, Laothmatas J, Rupprecht CE. Human rabies: a disease of complex neuropathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic challenges. Lancet. 2002;2:101-109. Abstract

41. World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies: WHO TRS N°1012 (third report). April 2018 [internet publication].Full text

42. Laothamatas J, Hemachudha T, Mitrabhakdi E, et al. MR imaging in human rabies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:1102-1109.Full text  Abstract

43. Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, et al. The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:899-904. Abstract

44. Hantson P, Guerit JM, de Tourtchaninoff M, et al. Rabies encephalitis mimicking the electrophysiological pattern of brain death. Eur Neurol. 1993;33:212-217. Abstract

45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies, human: 2011 case definition. 2011 [internet publication].Full text

46. Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59:1-9.Full text  Abstract

47. UK Health Security Agency. Guidelines on managing rabies post-exposure. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text

48. Willoughby RE Jr, Opladen T, Maier T, et al. Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in human rabies. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2008;32:65-68. Abstract

49. Marsden SC, Cabanban CR. Rabies: a significant palliative care issue. Prog Palliat Care. 2006;14:62-67.

50. Jackson AC, Warrell MJ, Rupprecht CE, et al. Management of rabies in humans. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:60-63. Abstract

51. Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee rabies protocol, version 6. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

52. Willoughby RE Jr, Tieves KS, Hoffman GM, et al. Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2508-2514.Full text  Abstract

53. Willoughby RE, Roy-Burman A, Martin KW, et al. Generalized cranial artery spasm in human rabies. Dev Biol (Basel). 2008;131:367-375. Abstract

54. World Health Organization. Rabies monoclonal antibodies post exposure prophylaxis. December 2016 [internet publication].Full text

55. Gogtay NJ, Munshi R, Ashwath Narayana DH, et al. Comparison of a novel human rabies monoclonal antibody to human rabies immunoglobulin for postexposure prophylaxis: a phase 2/3, randomized, single-blind, noninferiority, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 18;66(3):387-395. Abstract

56. Yamada K, Noguchi K, Komeno T, et al. Efficacy of favipiravir (T-705) in rabies postexposure prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 2016;213:1253-1261.Full text  Abstract

57. Bussereau F, Picard M, Blancou J, et al. Treatment of rabies in mice and foxes with antiviral compounds. Acta Virol. 1988;32:33-49. Abstract

58. Kalimuddin S, Wijaya L, Chan YFZ, et al. A phase II randomized study to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the novel PIKA rabies vaccine containing the PIKA adjuvant using an accelerated regimen. Vaccine. 2017 Nov 22;35(51):7127-32.Full text  Abstract

59. Mani RS, Anand AM, Madhusudana SN. Human rabies in India: an audit from a rabies diagnostic laboratory. Trop Med Int Health. 2016 Apr;21(4):556-63.Full text  Abstract

60. Whitehouse ER, Mandra A, Bonwitt J, et al. Human rabies despite post-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review of fatal breakthrough infections after zoonotic exposures. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 May;23(5):e167-74. Abstract