Complications
Although rare, the bowel can be perforated during endoscopic treatment, particularly in relatively thin-walled areas such as the caecum and right colon.[76]
Iodinated contrast material may cause nephrotoxicity. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity include renal insufficiency, hypovolaemia, and prior contrast reactions.
If contrast angiography is used, contrast material may induce a rash, asthmatic attack, or, rarely, generalised anaphylaxis in patients who are allergic.
Re-bleeding rate is reported to be between 30% and 40% per annum. This risk is propagated by patients’ comorbidity. Bleeding stops spontaneously in >90% of presentations.[6]
Presence of multiple lesions, frequent previous bleeding episodes, heart failure, smoking status, and transfusion requirements predict recurrent bleeding.[23][75]
Rarely, endoscopy can cause bleeding (rate <0.1% for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, rates following endoscopic treatment vary).[76]
Rarely, angiographic treatment with embolisation or intra-arterial vasopressin can induce bowel ischaemia or infarction, particularly if collateral blood supply is poor.[77]
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer