Complications
Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
variable
low
Most complications of in-toeing and out-toeing are related to their surgical treatment.[73]
Potential surgical-related complications include residual deformity (resulting from under-correction, over-correction, loss of correction, or failure to address associated deformities), recurrence of deformity with continued skeletal growth, pseudarthrosis, growth disturbance, and nerve injury.
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