Prognosis

Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability and has a rich history of research conducted over many decades. Research continues to progress, and new knowledge continues to emerge to improve the quality of life of individuals with DS. To support the development of a person with DS, it is critical to provide early interventional therapies, educational resources, optimal community involvement, and ongoing medical screening and treatment when appropriate.

The average life expectancy is about 50-60 years and continues to improve, as a result of advances in medical treatment and educational and community resources.[64][65] Factors such as heart defects, prematurity, low birth weights, respiratory complications, coronary artery disease, leukaemia, racial/ethnic background, and Alzheimer-type dementia influence the mortality risk.[66][67][68][69]

Secondary sex characteristics in girls with DS develop in the same sequence as in typical children, with age of menarche at about 12.5 years. Women with DS can become pregnant, and their children have a 50% chance of having DS. Research on fertility in individuals with DS has been limited, and knowledge on this issue remains unclear.[5][35]​ 

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