Parasomnias in adults

Because sleep deprivation is a risk factor for some parasomnias, adequate sleep is a primary prevention strategy that would be expected to impact on their incidence.

Good sleep hygiene is recommended. Sleep hygiene advice typically includes the following suggestions:

• Going to bed around the same time each day

• Avoiding daytime naps

• Limiting caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol 4 to 6 hours before bedtime

• Avoiding work-related issues before bed

If 20 minutes after bedtime the patient is still awake, it is suggested that they get out of bed and find something to do until they feel sleepy again, and then return to bed.

Prevention of sleep-related injury is an important consideration. During an episode of confusional arousal, sleepwalking, or sleep terror, no restraint or interference should be instituted. Environment modifications may be necessary to ensure patient safety and prevent injury. In rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, patients and bed partners or household members should be advised to alter the environment to minimise risk in case of falls or jumping out of bed.