References
Key articles
Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, et al. Asia Pacific consensus statements on Crohn's disease. Part 1: definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;31(1):45-55.Full text Abstract
Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Isaacs KL, et al. ACG clinical guideline: management of Crohn's disease in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr;113(4):481-517.Full text Abstract
Gomollón F, Dignass A, Annese V, et al. 3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease 2016: Part 1: diagnosis and medical management. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jan;11(1):3-25.Full text Abstract
Torres J, Bonovas S, Doherty G, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: medical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2020 Jan 1;14(1):4-22.Full text Abstract
Adamina M, Bonovas S, Raine T, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: surgical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2020 Feb 10;14(2):155-68.Full text Abstract
Feuerstein JD, Ho EY, Shmidt E, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the medical management of moderate to severe luminal and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jun;160(7):2496-508.Full text Abstract
Gionchetti P, Dignass A, Danese S, et al. 3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease 2016: Part 2: surgical management and special situations. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Feb;11(2):135-49.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Dolinger M, Torres J, Vermeire S. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2024 Mar 23;403(10432):1177-91. Abstract
2. Gasche C, Scholmerich J, Brynskov J, et al. A simple classification of Crohn's disease: report of the Working Party for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2000 Feb;6(1):8-15. Abstract
3. Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, et al. The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. Gut. 2006 Jun;55(6):749-53.Full text Abstract
4. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1641-57. Abstract
5. Barreiro-de Acosta M, Domínguez-Muñoz JE, Nuñez-Pardo de Vera MC, et al. Relationship between clinical features of Crohn's disease and the risk of developing extraintestinal manifestations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Jan;19(1):73-8. Abstract
6. Irving PM, Pasi KJ, Rampton DS. Thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jul;3(7):617-28. Abstract
7. Fraquelli M, Losco A, Visentin S, et al. Gallstone disease and related risk factors in patients with Crohn disease: analysis of 330 consecutive cases. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Oct 8;161(18):2201-4.Full text Abstract
8. Gordon H, Burisch J, Ellul P, et al. ECCO guidelines on extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2024 Jan 27;18(1):1-37.Full text Abstract
9. Kalla R, Ventham NT, Satsangi J, et al. Crohn's disease. BMJ. 2014 Nov 19;349:g6670.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): IBD facts and stats. Jun 2024 [internet publication].Full text
11. Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Crohn disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jul;92(7):1088-103.Full text Abstract
12. Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, et al. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2017 Apr 29;389(10080):1741-55. Abstract
13. Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54;e42;quiz e30.Full text Abstract
14. Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78. Abstract
15. Ng SC, Tang W, Ching JY, et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jul;145(1):158-65;e2.Full text Abstract
16. Selvaratnam S, Gullino S, Shim L, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in South America: a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec 21;25(47):6866-75.Full text Abstract
17. Shah SC, Khalili H, Gower-Rousseau C, et al. Sex-based differences in incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases-pooled analysis of population-based studies from western countries. Gastroenterology. 2018 Oct;155(4):1079-89.e3.Full text Abstract
18. Shah SC, Khalili H, Chen CY, et al. Sex-based differences in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases-pooled analysis of population-based studies from the Asia-Pacific region. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Apr;49(7):904-11. Abstract
19. Aniwan S, Harmsen WS, Tremaine WJ, et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease by race and ethnicity in a population-based inception cohort from 1970 through 2010. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb 6;12:1756284819827692.Full text Abstract
20. Betteridge JD, Armbruster SP, Maydonovitch C, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease prevalence by age, gender, race, and geographic location in the US military health care population. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jun;19(7):1421-7. Abstract
21. Peeters M, Nevens H, Baert F, et al. Familial aggregation in Crohn's disease: increased age-adjusted risk and concordance in clinical characteristics. Gastroenterology. 1996 Sep;111(3):597-603. Abstract
22. Joossens M, Simoens M, Vermeire S, et al. Contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease in a large family with multiple cases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 May;13(5):580-4. Abstract
23. Cosnes J, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, et al. Smoking cessation and the course of Crohn's disease: an intervention study. Gastroenterology. 2001 Apr;120(5):1093-9. Abstract
24. Silverstein MD, Lashner BA, Hanauer SB, et al. Cigarette smoking in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Jan;84(1):31-3. Abstract
25. Mahid SS, Minor KS, Soto RE, et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Nov;81(11):1462-71. Abstract
26. Parkes GC, Whelan K, Lindsay JO. Smoking in inflammatory bowel disease: impact on disease course and insights into the aetiology of its effect. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Aug;8(8):717-25. Abstract
27. Franke A, McGovern D, Barrett JC, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2010 Dec;42(12):1118-25. Abstract
28. Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, et al. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nat Genet. 2008 Aug;40(8):955-62.Full text Abstract
29. Xu WD, Xie QB, Zhao Y, et al. Association of interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 18;5:18584.Full text Abstract
30. Dai YE, Guan R, Song YT. The association of DLG5 polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of 25 studies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jun;20(11):2324-37.Full text Abstract
31. Uhlig HH. Monogenic diseases associated with intestinal inflammation: implications for the understanding of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2013 Dec;62(12):1795-805. Abstract
32. Huang C, Haritunians T, Okou DT, et al. Characterization of genetic loci that affect susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases in African Americans. Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov;149(6):1575-86.Full text Abstract
33. Ng SC, Bernstein CN, Vatn MH, et al. Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2013 Apr;62(4):630-49. Abstract
34. Underner M, Perriot J, Cosnes J, et al. Smoking, smoking cessation and Crohn's disease [in French]. Presse Med. 2016 Apr;45(4 Pt 1):390-402. Abstract
35. Ortizo R, Lee SY, Nguyen ET, et al. Exposure to oral contraceptives increases the risk for development of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of case-controlled and cohort studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Sep;29(9):1064-70. Abstract
36. Chen Y, Wang Y, Shen J. Role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a critical review. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Dec;34(12):2023-34. Abstract
37. Piovani D, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Gastroenterology. 2019 Sep;157(3):647-59.e4.Full text Abstract
38. Narula N, Wong ECL, Dehghan M, et al. Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021 Jul 14;374:n1554.Full text Abstract
39. Lo CH, Khandpur N, Rossato SL, et al. Ultra-processed foods and risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jun;20(6):e1323-37.Full text Abstract
40. Khademi Z, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, et al. Dietary intake of total carbohydrates, sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages, and risk of inflammatory bowel sisease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective ohort studies. Front Nutr. 2021;8:707795.Full text Abstract
41. Pasvol TJ, Bloom S, Segal AW, et al. Use of contraceptives and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a nested case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Feb;55(3):318-26.Full text Abstract
42. Narula N, Chang NH, Mohammad D, et al. Food processing and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Sep;21(10):2483-95.e1.Full text Abstract
43. Talebi S, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Rahimlou M, et al. The association between total protein, animal protein, and animal protein sources with risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Adv Nutr. 2023 Jul;14(4):752-61.Full text Abstract
44. Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Lee WS, et al. Dual role of Helicobacter and Campylobacter species in IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2017 Feb;66(2):235-49. Abstract
45. Axelrad JE, Cadwell KH, Colombel JF, et al. Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Jun;51(12):1222-32.Full text Abstract
46. Feller M, Huwiler K, Stephan R, et al. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Sep;7(9):607-13. Abstract
47. Agrawal G, Aitken J, Hamblin H, et al. Putting Crohn's on the MAP: five common questions on the contribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2021 Feb;66(2):348-58.Full text Abstract
48. Mintz MJ, Lukin DJ. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease: the debate continues. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8:28.Full text Abstract
49. Lerebours E, Gower-Rousseau C, Merle V, et al. Stressful life events as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease onset: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;102(1):122-31. Abstract
50. Halfvarson J, Jess T, Magnuson A, et al. Environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a co-twin control study of a Swedish-Danish twin population. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Oct;12(10):925-33. Abstract
51. Heresbach D, Alexandre JL, Branger B, et al. Frequency and significance of granulomas in a cohort of incident cases of Crohn's disease. Gut. 2005 Feb;54(2):215-22.Full text Abstract
52. Pierik M, De Hertogh G, Vermeire S, et al. Epithelioid granulomas, pattern recognition receptors, and phenotypes of Crohn's disease. Gut. 2005 Feb;54(2):223-7.Full text Abstract
53. Fabisiak N, Fabisiak A, Watala C, et al. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov/Dec;51(10):878-89. Abstract
54. Baig MMA, Irfan SA, Sumbal A, et al. Prevalence of gallstones in ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2022 Jun;14(6):e26121.Full text Abstract
55. Obialo CI, Clayman RV, Matts JP, et al. Pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis post-partial ileal bypass surgery: case-control study. The POSCH Group. Kidney Int. 1991 Jun;39(6):1249-54. Abstract
56. Kenny EE, Pe'er I, Karban A, et al. A genome-wide scan of Ashkenazi Jewish Crohn's disease suggests novel susceptibility loci. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(3):e1002559.Full text Abstract
57. Santos MPC, Gomes C, Torres J. Familial and ethnic risk in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan-Feb;31(1):14-23.Full text Abstract
58. Card T, Logan RF, Rodrigues LC, et al. Antibiotic use and the development of Crohn's disease. Gut. 2004 Feb;53(2):246-50.Full text Abstract
59. Theochari NA, Stefanopoulos A, Mylonas KS, et al. Antibiotics exposure and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan;53(1):1-7. Abstract
60. Dar SH, Maniya MT, Merza N, et al. The association of antibiotic exposure with new-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2023 May;47(6):102129. Abstract
61. Boyko EJ, Koepsell TD, Perera DR, et al. Risk of ulcerative colitis among former and current cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med. 1987 Mar 19;316(12):707-10. Abstract
62. Calkins BM. A meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1989 Dec;34(12):1841-54. Abstract
63. Koletzko S, Sherman P, Corey M, et al. Role of infant feeding practices in development of Crohn's disease in childhood. BMJ. 1989 Jun 17;298(6688):1617-8.Full text Abstract
64. Bonner GF, Fakhri A, Vennamaneni SR. A long-term cohort study of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and disease activity in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004 Nov;10(6):751-7. Abstract
65. Felder JB, Korelitz BI, Rajapakse R, et al. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug;95(8):1949-54. Abstract
66. Ananthakrishnan AN, Adler J, Chachu KA, et al. AGA clinical practice guideline on the role of biomarkers for the management of crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2023 Dec;165(6):1367-99.Full text Abstract
67. Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, et al. Differentiating Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan 28;25(4):418-32.Full text Abstract
68. Gurzu S, Molnar C, Contac AO, et al. Tuberculosis terminal ileitis: a forgotten entity mimicking Crohn's disease. World J Clin Cases. 2016 Sep 16;4(9):273-80.Full text Abstract
69. Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, et al. Asia Pacific consensus statements on Crohn's disease. Part 1: definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;31(1):45-55.Full text Abstract
70. Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019 Dec;68(suppl 3):s1-106.Full text Abstract
71. Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Isaacs KL, et al. ACG clinical guideline: management of Crohn's disease in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr;113(4):481-517.Full text Abstract
72. Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, et al. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015 Mar;9(3):211-22.Full text Abstract
73. Balram B, Battat R, Al-Khoury A, et al. Risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 Jan 1;13(1):27-38.Full text Abstract
74. Matsumoto T, Iida M, Matsui T, et al. Endoscopic findings in Yersinia enterocolitica enterocolitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1990 Nov-Dec;36(6):583-7. Abstract
75. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: Crohn disease. 2019 [internet publication].Full text
76. Kobeissy A, Merza N, Nawras Y, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing strictures in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023 Oct 26;38(1):258. Abstract
77. Bruining DH, Zimmermann EM, Loftus EV Jr, et al; Society of Abdominal Radiology Crohn’s Disease-Focused Panel. Consensus recommendations for evaluation, interpretation, and utilization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):776-99.Full text Abstract
78. Yung DE, Har-Noy O, Tham YS, et al. Capsule endoscopy, magnetic resonance enterography, and small bowel ultrasound for evaluation of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017 Dec 19;24(1):93-100.Full text Abstract
79. Bots S, De Voogd F, De Jong M, et al. Point-of-care intestinal ultrasound in IBD patients: disease management and diagnostic yield in a real-world cohort and proposal of a point-of-care algorithm. J Crohns Colitis. 2022 May 10;16(4):606-15.Full text Abstract
80. Chavannes M, Dolinger MT, Cohen-Mekelburg S, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the role of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease: commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Sep;22(9):1790-5.e1.Full text Abstract
81. Feakins RM; British Society of Gastroenterology. Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines. J Clin Pathol. 2013 Dec;66(12):1005-26.Full text Abstract
82. van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010 Jul 15;341:c3369.Full text Abstract
83. Kopylov U, Yung DE, Engel T, et al. Fecal calprotectin for the prediction of small-bowel Crohn's disease by capsule endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Oct;28(10):1137-44. Abstract
84. Deputy M, Devanaboina R, Al Bakir I, et al. The role of faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. BMJ. 2023 Feb 13;380:e068947.
85. Mao R, Xiao YL, Gao x, et al. Fecal calprotectin in predicting relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Oct;18(10):1894-9. Abstract
86. Mosli MH, Zou G, Garg SK, et al. C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and stool lactoferrin for detection of endoscopic activity in symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun;110(6):802-19. Abstract
87. Rokkas T, Portincasa P, Koutroubakis IE. Fecal calprotectin in assessing inflammatory bowel disease endoscopic activity: a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2018 Sep;27(3):299-306.Full text Abstract
88. Yamamoto T, Shimoyama T. Monitoring and detection of disease recurrence after resection for Crohn's disease: the role of non-invasive fecal biomarkers. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Oct;11(10):899-909. Abstract
89. Bielefeldt K, Davis B, Binion DG. Pain and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 May;15(5):778-88.Full text Abstract
90. Coates MD, Clarke K, Williams E, et al. Abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease: an evidence-based, multidisciplinary review. Crohns Colitis 360. 2023 Oct;5(4):otad055.Full text Abstract
91. Gaertner WB, Burgess PL, Davids JS, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of anorectal abscess, fistula-in-ano, and rectovaginal fistula. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022 Aug 1;65(8):964-85.Full text Abstract
92. Pecci-Lloret MP, Ramirez-Santisteban E, Hergueta-Castillo A, et al. Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2023 Oct 10;12(20):6450.Full text Abstract
93. Chamouard P, Richert Z, Meyer N, et al. Diagnostic value of C-reactive protein for predicting activity level of Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jul;4(7):882-7. Abstract
94. Le Berre C, Trang-Poisson C, Bourreille A. Small bowel capsule endoscopy and treat-to-target in Crohn's disease: a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug 21;25(31):4534-54.Full text Abstract
95. Varela Lema L, Ruano-Ravina A. Effectiveness and safety of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of small bowel diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008 May-Jun;42(5):466-71. Abstract
96. Chandrakumar A, Georgy M, Agarwal P, et al. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies as a prognostic biomarker in children with Crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 Jul;69(1):82-7.Full text Abstract
97. Kim MJ, Kim E, Kang B, et al. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in pediatric Crohn's disease patients without mucosal healing is a useful marker of mucosal damage. Gut Liver. 2021 Sep 15;15(5):763-70.Full text Abstract
98. Miehlke S, Guagnozzi D, Zabana Y, et al. European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations. United European Gastroenterol J. 2021 Feb 22;9(1):13-37.Full text Abstract
99. Sturm A, Maaser C, Calabrese E, et al; European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). ECCO-ESGAR guideline for diagnostic assessment in IBD Part 2: IBD scores and general principles and technical aspects. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 Mar 26;13(3):273-84.Full text Abstract
100. Mary JY, Modigliani R. Development and validation of an endoscopic index of the severity for Crohn's disease: a prospective multicentre study. Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID). Gut. 1989 Jul;30(7):983-9. Abstract
101. Daperno M, D'Haens G, Van Assche G, et al. Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn's disease: the SES-CD. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Oct;60(4):505-12. Abstract
102. Buchner AM, Farraye FA, Iacucci M. AGA clinical practice update on endoscopic scoring systems in inflammatory bowel disease: commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Nov;22(11):2188-96.Full text Abstract
103. Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, et al. Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology. 1976 Mar;70(3):439-44. Abstract
104. Harvey RF, Bradshaw JM. A simple index of Crohn's-disease activity. Lancet. 1980 Mar 8;1(8167):514. Abstract
105. Gomollón F, Dignass A, Annese V, et al. 3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease 2016: Part 1: diagnosis and medical management. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Jan;11(1):3-25.Full text Abstract
106. Torres J, Bonovas S, Doherty G, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: medical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2020 Jan 1;14(1):4-22.Full text Abstract
107. Adamina M, Bonovas S, Raine T, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: surgical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2020 Feb 10;14(2):155-68.Full text Abstract
108. European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the development of new medicinal products for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Jun 2018 [internet publication].Full text
109. Turner D, Ricciuto A, Lewis A, et al. STRIDE-II: an update on the selecting therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease (STRIDE) initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD. Gastroenterology. 2021 Apr;160(5):1570-83.Full text Abstract
110. Schulberg JD, Wright EK, Holt BA, et al. Intensive drug therapy versus standard drug therapy for symptomatic intestinal Crohn's disease strictures (STRIDENT): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Apr;7(4):318-31. Abstract
111. Farmer RG, Whelan G, Fazio VW. Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. Relationship between the clinical pattern and prognosis. Gastroenterology. 1985 Jun;88(6):1818-25. Abstract
112. Bermejo F, Aguas M, Chaparro M, et al; en representación de GETECCU. Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Mar;41(3):205-21.Full text Abstract
113. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 11;345(15):1098-104.Full text Abstract
114. McConachie SM, Wilhelm SM, Bhargava A, et al. Biologic-induced infections in inflammatory bowel disease: the TNF-a antagonists. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Jun;52(6):571-9. Abstract
115. Shivaji UN, Sharratt CL, Thomas T, et al. Review article: managing the adverse events caused by anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Mar;49(6):664-80. Abstract
116. Esteve M, Saro C, González-Huix F, et al. Chronic hepatitis B reactivation following infliximab therapy in Crohn’s disease patients: need for primary prophylaxis. Gut. 2004 Sep;53(9):1363-5.Full text Abstract
117. Huang M, Huang L. Reactivation of hepatitis C viral infection after treatment with infliximab. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Feb;48(2):189-90. Abstract
118. Lemaitre M, Kirchgesner J, Rudnichi A et al. Association between use of thiopurines or tumor necrosis factor antagonists alone or in combination and risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA. 2017 Nov 7;318(17):1679-86.Full text Abstract
119. Shah ED, Coburn ES, Nayyar A, et al. Systematic review: hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma on biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, including data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Mar;51(5):527-33.Full text Abstract
120. Hui S, Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, et al. Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jul 17;7(7):CD013611.Full text Abstract
121. Sands BE, Irving PM, Hoops T, et al. Ustekinumab versus adalimumab for induction and maintenance therapy in biologic-naive patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3b trial. Lancet. 2022 Jun 11;399(10342):2200-11. Abstract
122. Macaluso FS, Ventimiglia M, Orlando A. Effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Aug 21;17(8):1217-27.Full text Abstract
123. MacDonald JK, Nguyen TM, Khanna R, et al. Anti-IL-12/23p40 antibodies for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 25;(11):CD007572.Full text Abstract
124. Engel T, Ungar B, Yung DE, et al. Vedolizumab in IBD - lessons from real-world experience; a systematic review and pooled analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 Jan 24;12(2):245-57.Full text Abstract
125. Battat R, Ma C, Jairath V, et al. Benefit-risk assessment of vedolizumab in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Drug Saf. 2019 May;42(5):617-32. Abstract
126. Colombel JF, Sands BE, Rutgeerts P, et al. The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):839-51.Full text Abstract
127. Ebada MA, Elmatboly AM, Ali AS, et al. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis about the safety and efficacy of infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Oct;34(10):1633-52. Abstract
128. Martelli L, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(2):270-9. Abstract
129. Hanauer S, Liedert B, Balser S, et al. Safety and efficacy of BI 695501 versus adalimumab reference product in patients with advanced Crohn's disease (VOLTAIRE-CD): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Oct;6(10):816-25. Abstract
130. D'Amico F, Solitano V, Magro F, et al. Practical management of biosimilar use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a global survey and an international delphi consensus. J Clin Med. 2023 Oct 3;12(19):6350.Full text Abstract
131. Xu Y, Yang L, An P, et al. Meta-analysis: the influence of preoperative infliximab use on postoperative complications of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Jan 10;25(2):261-9.Full text Abstract
132. Yung DE, Horesh N, Lightner AL, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: vedolizumab and postoperative complications in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018 Oct 12;24(11):2327-38.Full text Abstract
133. Li L, Jiang K, Lou D, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: association between preoperative ustekinumab and surgical complications in Crohn's disease patients. Eur Surg Res. 2023;64(4):412-21.Full text Abstract
134. Qiu Y, Zheng Z, Liu G, et al. Effects of preoperative anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha infusion timing on postoperative surgical site infection in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Nov;7(9):1198-214.Full text Abstract
135. Kuenzig ME, Rezaie A, Seow CH, et al. Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 21;(8):CD002913.Full text Abstract
136. Bonovas S, Nikolopoulos GK, Lytras T, et al. Comparative safety of systemic and low-bioavailability steroids in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;84(2):239-51. Abstract
137. Rezaie A, Kuenzig ME, Benchimol EI, et al. Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 3;(6):CD000296.Full text Abstract
138. Kane SV, Schoenfeld P, Sandborn WJ, et al. The effectiveness of budesonide therapy for Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Aug;16(8):1509-17. Abstract
139. Feuerstein JD, Ho EY, Shmidt E, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the medical management of moderate to severe luminal and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jun;160(7):2496-508.Full text Abstract
140. Summers RW, Switz DM, Sessions JT Jr, et al. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology. 1979 Oct;77(4 Pt 2):847-69. Abstract
141. Malchow H, Ewe K, Brandes JW, et al. European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (ECCDS): results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology. 1984 Feb;86(2):249-66. Abstract
142. Brassard P, Bitton A, Suissa A, et al. Oral corticosteroids and the risk of serious infections in patients with elderly-onset inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov;109(11):1795-802. Abstract
143. Singh S, Boland BS, Jess T, et al. Management of inflammatory bowel diseases in older adults. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Apr;8(4):368-82. Abstract
144. McDonald JW, Wang Y, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 6;(8):CD003459.Full text Abstract
145. Chande N, Townsend CM, Parker CE, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 26;(10):CD000545.Full text Abstract
146. Bebb JR, Scott BB. How effective are the usual treatments for Crohn's disease? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul 15;20(2):151-9. Abstract
147. Sandborn WJ, Faubion WA. Clinical pharmacology of inflammatory bowel disease therapies. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2000 Dec;2(6):440-5. Abstract
148. Steinhart AH, Ewe K, Griffiths AM, et al. Corticosteroids for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD000301.Full text Abstract
149. Shmidt E, Dubinsky MC. Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct; 117(10S):p 60-8.Full text
150. Kothari S, Afshar Y, Friedman LS, et al. AGA clinical practice update on pregnancy-related gastrointestinal and liver disease: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2024 Oct;167(5):1033-45.Full text Abstract
151. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Deltenre P, de Suray N, et al. Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in Crohn's disease: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jun;6(6):644-53. Abstract
152. Cholapranee A, Hazlewood GS, Kaplan GG, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 May;45(10):1291-302.Full text Abstract
153. Abbass M, Cepek J, Parker CE, et al. Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 14;(11):CD012878.Full text Abstract
154. Hazlewood GS, Rezaie A, Borman M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Feb;148(2):344-54;e5. Abstract
155. Singh S, Murad MH, Fumery M, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Dec;6(12):1002-14. Abstract
156. Gordon M, Sinopoulou V, Akobeng AK, et al. Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Nov 20;11(11):CD012623.Full text Abstract
157. Yamazaki H, So R, Matsuoka K, et al. Certolizumab pegol for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Aug 29;(8):CD012893.Full text Abstract
158. Ford AC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Opportunistic infections with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug;108(8):1268-76. Abstract
159. Nanda KS, Cheifetz AS, Moss AC. Impact of antibodies to infliximab on clinical outcomes and serum infliximab levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;108(1):40-7.Full text Abstract
160. Nielsen OH, Bjerrum JT, Seidelin JB, et al. Biological treatment of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis. 2012;30(suppl 3):121-33. Abstract
161. Regueiro MD. Update in medical treatment of Crohn's disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec;31(4):282-91. Abstract
162. Colombel JF, Rutgeerts P, Reinisch W, et al. P087: SONIC: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing infliximab and infliximab plus azathrioprine to azathioprine in patients with Crohn’s disease naive to immunomodulators and biologic therapy. Abstracts of the 4th Congress of ECCO - the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation; Hamburg, Germany, 5-7 February 2009. J Crohns Colitis. 2009 Feb 1;3(1):S45-6.Full text
163. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al; SONIC Study Group. Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 15;362(15):1383-95. Abstract
164. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, et al; GEMINI 2 Study Group. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):711-21.Full text Abstract
165. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Vedolizumab for treating moderately to severely active Crohn's disease after prior therapy. Aug 2015 [internet publication].Full text
166. Sandborn WJ, Gasink C, Gao LL, et al; CERTIFI Study Group. Ustekinumab induction and maintenance therapy in refractory Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 18;367(16):1519-28.Full text Abstract
167. Singh S, Fumery M, Sandborn WJ, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis: first- and second-line biologic therapies for moderate-severe Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Aug;48(4):394-409. Abstract
168. Kawalec P, Moćko P. An indirect comparison of ustekinumab and vedolizumab in the therapy of TNF-failure Crohn's disease patients. J Comp Eff Res. 2018 Feb;7(2):101-11. Abstract
169. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ustekinumab for moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease after previous treatment. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Full text
170. Vuyyuru SK, Solitano V, Hogan M, et al. Efficacy and safety of IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors for Crohn's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2023 Sep;68(9):3702-13.Full text Abstract
171. Kawalec P, Moćko P, Malinowska-Lipien I, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in the induction therapy of TNF-α-refractory Crohn's disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Comp Eff Res. 2017 Oct;6(7):601-12. Abstract
172. D'Haens G, Panaccione R, Baert F, et al. Risankizumab as induction therapy for Crohn's disease: results from the phase 3 ADVANCE and MOTIVATE induction trials. Lancet. 2022 May 28;399(10340):2015-30. Abstract
173. Choi D, Sheridan H, Bhat S. Risankizumab-rzaa: a new therapeutic option for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2023 May;57(5):579-84. Abstract
174. Hibi T. Risankizumab for Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2022 May 28;399(10340):1992-3.
175. Ferrante M, Panaccione R, Baert F, et al. Risankizumab as maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn's disease: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase 3 FORTIFY maintenance trial. Lancet. 2022 May 28;399(10340):2031-46. Abstract
176. Woods RH. Potential cerebrovascular accident signal for risankizumab: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Aug;89(8):2386-95.Full text Abstract
177. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Risankizumab for previously treated moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
178. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib (ABT-494) in participants with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease who have inadequately responded to or are intolerant to biologic therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03345836. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text
179. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in participants with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease who have inadequately responded to or are intolerant to conventional and/or biologic therapies (U-EXCEL). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03345849. Nov 2022 [internet publication].Full text
180. ClinicalTrials.gov. A maintenance and long-term extension study of the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib (ABT-494) in participants with Crohn's disease who completed the studies M14-431 or M14-433 (U-ENDURE). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03345823. Jun 2024 [internet publication].Full text
181. Loftus EV Jr, Panés J, Lacerda AP, et al. Upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2023 May 25;388(21):1966-80.Full text Abstract
182. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Upadacitinib for previously treated moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
183. Townsend CM, Parker CE, MacDonald JK, et al. Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Feb 7;(2):CD012730.Full text Abstract
184. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Crohn’s disease. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Full text
185. Stevens TW, Haasnoot ML, D'Haens GR, et al. Laparoscopic ileocaecal resection versus infliximab for terminal ileitis in Crohn's disease: retrospective long-term follow-up of the LIR!C trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Oct;5(10):900-7. Abstract
186. Weston LA, Roberts PL, Schoetz DJ Jr, et al. Ileocolic resection for acute presentation of Crohn's disease of the ileum. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996 Aug;39(8):841-6. Abstract
187. Nordgren SR, Fasth SB, Oresland TO, et al. Long-term follow-up in Crohn's disease: mortality, morbidity, and functional status. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994 Dec;29(12):1122-8. Abstract
188. Kim NK, Senagore AJ, Luchtefeld MA, et al. Long-term outcome after ileocecal resection for Crohn's disease. Am Surg. 1997 Jul;63(7):627-33. Abstract
189. Graadal O, Nygaard K. Crohn disease: long-term effects of surgical treatment [in Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1994 May 30;114(14):1603-5. Abstract
190. Husnoo N, Gana T, Hague AG, et al. Is early bowel resection better than medical therapy for ileocolonic Crohn's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2023 Jun;25(6):1090-101.Full text Abstract
191. Mills S, Stamos MJ. Colonic Crohn's disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 Nov;20(4):309-13.Full text Abstract
192. Lakatos PL, Lakatos L, Kiss LS, et al. Treatment of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2012;86(suppl 1):28-35. Abstract
193. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Stoinov S, et al. Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 19;357(3):228-38.Full text Abstract
194. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, et al. Adalimumab for maintenance of clinical response and remission in patients with Crohn's disease: the CHARM trial. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jan;132(1):52-65. Abstract
195. Yamamoto T, Fazio VW, Tekkis PP. Safety and efficacy of strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Nov;50(11):1968-86. Abstract
196. Reese GE, Purkayastha S, Tilney HS, et al. Strictureplasty vs resection in small bowel Crohn's disease: an evaluation of short-term outcomes and recurrence. Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct;9(8):686-94. Abstract
197. Campbell L, Ambe R, Weaver J, et al. Comparison of conventional and nonconventional strictureplasties in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012 Jun;55(6):714-26. Abstract
198. Menon AM, Mirza AH, Moolla S, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel arising from a previous strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Feb;50(2):257-9. Abstract
199. Narula N, Dhillon A, Zhang D, et al. Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 1;(4):CD000542.Full text Abstract
200. Tremaine WJ. Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease: medical management. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2003 Mar;9(2):127-8. Abstract
201. Schwartz DA, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, et al. The natural history of fistulizing Crohn's disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology. 2002 Apr;122(4):875-80. Abstract
202. Gionchetti P, Dignass A, Danese S, et al. 3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease 2016: Part 2: surgical management and special situations. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Feb;11(2):135-49.Full text Abstract
203. Steinhart AH, Panaccione R, Targownik L, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the medical management of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: the Toronto Consensus. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Jan 1;25(1):1-13.Full text Abstract
204. Lee MJ, Parker CE, Taylor SR, et al. Efficacy of medical therapies for fistulizing Crohn's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Dec;16(12):1879-92.Full text Abstract
205. Colombel JF, Schwartz DA, Sandborn WJ, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut. 2009 Jul;58(7):940-8.Full text Abstract
206. Dewint P, Hansen BE, Verhey E, et al. Adalimumab combined with ciprofloxacin is superior to adalimumab monotherapy in perianal fistula closure in Crohn's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (ADAFI). Gut. 2014 Feb;63(2):292-9. Abstract
207. Meima-van Praag EM, van Rijn KL, Wasmann KATGM, et al. Short-term anti-TNF therapy with surgical closure versus anti-TNF therapy in the treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (PISA-II): a patient preference randomised trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jul;7(7):617-26. Abstract
208. Chahal JK, Sriranganathan D, Poo S, et al. Network meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of treatments for fistulising Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul 1;35(7):702-10. Abstract
209. Thia KT, Mahadevan U, Feagan BG, et al. Ciprofloxacin or metronidazole for the treatment of perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Jan;15(1):17-24. Abstract
210. Ricart E, Panaccione R, Loftus EV, et al. Infliximab for Crohn's disease in clinical practice at the Mayo Clinic: the first 100 patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Mar;96(3):722-9. Abstract
211. Poritz LS, Rowe WA, Koltun WA. Remicade does not abolish the need for surgery in fistulizing Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002 Jun;45(6):771-5. Abstract
212. Whiteford MH. Perianal abscess/fistula disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May;20(2):102-9.Full text Abstract
213. Ryan WR, Allan RN, Yamamoto T, et al. Crohn's disease patients who quit smoking have a reduced risk of reoperation for recurrence. Am J Surg. 2004 Feb;187(2):219-25. Abstract
214. Nunes T, Etchevers MJ, García-Sánchez V, et al. Impact of smoking cessation on the clinical course of Crohn's disease under current therapeutic algorithms: a multicenter prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;111(3):411-9. Abstract
215. Veauthier B, Hornecker JR. Crohn's disease: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Dec 1;98(11):661-9.Full text Abstract
216. To N, Gracie DJ, Ford AC. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on the natural history of Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):549-61.Full text Abstract
217. Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Gordon M, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for maintenance of surgically induced remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 12;(9):CD013210.Full text Abstract
218. Rolfe VE, Fortun PJ, Hawkey CJ, et al. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD004826.Full text Abstract
219. Ganji-Arjenaki M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Probiotics are a good choice in remission of inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta analysis and systematic review. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Mar;233(3):2091-103. Abstract
220. World Gastroenterology Organisation. Global guidelines: probiotics and prebiotics. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text
221. Patel V, Wang Y, MacDonald JK, et al. Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 26;(8):CD006884.Full text Abstract
222. Davies SC, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, et al. Anti-IL-12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 12;(12):CD012804.Full text Abstract
223. Huang ML, Ran ZH, Shen J, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Crohn's disease: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. J Dig Dis. 2011 Jun;12(3):165-72. Abstract
224. Ford AC, Sandborn WJ, Khan KJ, et al. Efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr;106(4):644-59. Abstract
225. Townsend CM, Nguyen TM, Cepek J, et al. Adalimumab for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 16;(5):CD012877.Full text Abstract
226. Lin Z, Bai Y, Zheng P. Meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of combination therapy of infliximab and immunosuppressives for Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Nov;23(12):1100-10. Abstract
227. European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. Thiopurines [internet publication].Full text
228. Lelay-Taha MN, Reveillaud I, Sri-Widada J, et al. RNA-protein organization of U1, U5 and U4-U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in HeLa cells. J Mol Biol. 1986 Jun 5;189(3):519-32. Abstract
229. Wright S, Sanders DS, Lobo AJ, et al. Clinical significance of azathioprine active metabolite concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2004 Aug;53(8):1123-8.Full text Abstract
230. González-Lama Y, Bermejo F, López-Sanromán A, et al. Thiopurine methyl-transferase activity and azathioprine metabolite concentrations do not predict clinical outcome in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Sep;34(5):544-54.Full text Abstract
231. Reinshagen M, Schütz E, Armstrong VW, et al. 6-thioguanine nucleotide-adapted azathioprine therapy does not lead to higher remission rates than standard therapy in chronic active crohn disease: results from a randomized, controlled, open trial. Clin Chem. 2007 Jul;53(7):1306-14.Full text Abstract
232. Dassopoulos T, Dubinsky MC, Bentsen JL, et al. Randomised clinical trial: individualised vs. weight-based dosing of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jan;39(2):163-75.Full text Abstract
233. Van Loo ES, Dijkstra G, Ploeg RJ, et al. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2012 Jul;6(6):637-46. Abstract
234. De Cruz P, Kamm MA, Prideaux L, et al. Postoperative recurrent luminal Crohn's disease: a systematic review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Apr;18(4):758-77. Abstract
235. Buisson A, Chevaux JB, Allen PB, et al. Review article: the natural history of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Mar;35(6):625-33.Full text Abstract
236. Nguyen GC, Loftus EV Jr, Hirano I, et al; AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the management of Crohn's disease after surgical resection. Gastroenterology. 2017 Jan;152(1):271-5.Full text Abstract
237. Gjuladin-Hellon T, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Gordon M, et al. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Aug 6;(8):CD010233.Full text Abstract
238. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Crohn's disease: management. May 2019 [internet publication].Full text
239. Doherty G, Bennett G, Patil S, et al. Interventions for prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD006873.Full text Abstract
240. Savarino E, Bodini G, Dulbecco P, et al. Adalimumab is more effective than azathioprine and mesalamine at preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Nov;108(11):1731-42. Abstract
241. Erős A, Farkas N, Hegyi P, et al. Anti-TNFα agents are the best choice in preventing postoperative Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis. 2019 Aug;51(8):1086-95. Abstract
242. Bakouny Z, Yared F, El Rassy E, et al. Comparative efficacy of anti-TNF therapies for the prevention of postoperative Rrecurrence of Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of prospective trials. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul;53(6):409-17. Abstract
243. Burr NE, Hall B, Hamlin PJ, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of medical therapies to prevent recurrence of post-operative Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2019 May 27;13(6):693-701.Full text Abstract
244. Feuerstein JD, Nguyen GC, Kupfer SS, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2017 Sep;153(3):827-34.Full text Abstract
245. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Therapeutic monitoring of TNF-alpha inhibitors in Crohn’s disease (LISA-TRACKER ELISA kits, IDKmonitor ELISA kits, and Promonitor ELISA kits). Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text
246. Syversen SW, Jørgensen KK, Goll GL, et al. Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring vs standard therapy during maintenance infliximab therapy on disease control in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Dec 21;326(23):2375-84.Full text Abstract
247. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. RIDASCREEN tests for monitoring infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Jun 2017 [internet publication].Full text
248. Lémann M, Mary JY, Colombel JF, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled withdrawal trial in Crohn's disease patients in long-term remission on azathioprine. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jun;128(7):1812-8. Abstract
249. Te HS, Schiano TD, Kuan SF, et al. Hepatic effects of long-term methotrexate use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;95(11):3150-6. Abstract
250. Boyapati RK, Torres J, Palmela C, et al. Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 12;(5):CD012540.Full text Abstract
251. Katibian DJ, Solitano V, Polk DB, et al. Withdrawal of immunomodulators or TNF antagonists in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in remission on combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jan;22(1):22-33.e6.Full text Abstract
252. Louis E, Resche-Rigon M, Laharie D, et al. Withdrawal of infliximab or concomitant immunosuppressant therapy in patients with Crohn's disease on combination therapy (SPARE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Mar;8(3):215-27.Full text Abstract
253. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet. 2002 Apr 6;359(9313):1187-93. Abstract
254. Brooklyn T, Dunnill G, Probert C. Diagnosis and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. BMJ. 2006 Jul 22;333(7560):181-4.Full text Abstract
255. Brooklyn TN, Dunnill MG, Shetty A, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Gut. 2006 Apr;55(4):505-9.Full text Abstract
256. Afifi L, Sanchez IM, Wallace MM, et al. Diagnosis and management of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Jun;78(6):1195-204;e1. Abstract
257. Keefer L, Hashash JG, Szigethy E, et al. AGA clinical practice update on pain management in inflammatory bowel disease: commentary. Gastroenterology. 2024 Jun;166(6):1182-9.Full text Abstract
258. Ferrante M, D'Haens G, Jairath V, et al. Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study. Lancet. 2024 Dec 14;404(10470):2423-36. Abstract
259. Danese S, Panaccione R, Feagan BG, et al. Efficacy and safety of 48 weeks of guselkumab for patients with Crohn's disease: maintenance results from the phase 2, randomised, double-blind GALAXI-1 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Feb;9(2):133-146.Full text Abstract
260. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of the efficacy and safety of guselkumab in participants with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (GALAXI). Apr 2025 [internet publication].Full text
261. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of guselkumab subcutaneous therapy in participants with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (GRAVITI). Apr 2025 [internet publication].Full text
262. Hart A, Panaccione R, Steinwurz F, et al. OP33 efficacy and safety of subcutaneous guselkumab induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: results through week 48 from the phase 3 GRAVITI study. J Crohn Colitis. 2025 Jan;19(1):i66-7.Full text
263. Rubin DT. 73 - Week 48 efficacy of guselkumab and ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease based on prior response/exposure to biologic therapy: results from the GALAXI 2 and 3 phase 3 studies. Paper presented at: ACG 2024. 30 Oct 2024. Pennsylvania, USA.Full text
264. Solitano V, Vuyyuru SK, MacDonald JK, et al. Efficacy and safety of advanced oral small molecules for inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Nov 24;17(11):1800-16.Full text Abstract
265. Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, Danese S, et al. Ozanimod induction therapy for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease: a single-arm, phase 2, prospective observer-blinded endpoint study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Sep;5(9):819-28. Abstract
266. ClinicalTrials.gov. A placebo-controlled study of oral ozanimod as maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03464097. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text
267. Hawkey CJ, Allez M, Clark MM, et al. Autologous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation for refractory Crohn disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Dec 15;314(23):2524-34.Full text Abstract
268. Jauregui-Amezaga A, Rovira M, Marín P, et al. Improving safety of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut. 2016 Sep;65(9):1456-62. Abstract
269. Snowden JA, Hawkey C, Hind D, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation in refractory Crohn's disease - low intensity therapy evaluation (ASTIClite): study protocols for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial and observational follow up study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019 May 31;19(1):82.Full text Abstract
270. Wang H, Jiang HY, Zhang YX, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for perianal fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023 Apr 26;14(1):103.Full text Abstract
271. El-Nakeep S, Shawky A, Abbas SF, et al. Stem cell transplantation for induction of remission in medically refractory Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 13;5(5):CD013070.Full text Abstract
272. Patton PH, Parker CE, MacDonald JK, et al. Anti-tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 22;(7):CD000299.Full text Abstract
273. Yanai H, Levine A, Hirsch A, et al. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet for induction and maintenance of remission in adults with mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease (CDED-AD): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jan;7(1):49-59. Abstract
274. Limketkai BN, Godoy-Brewer G, Parian AM, et al. Dietary interventions for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Sep;21(10):2508-25.e10.Full text Abstract
275. Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH, et al. Clinical course during the 1st year after diagnosis in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Results of a large, prospective population-based study in southeastern Norway, 1990-93. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Oct;32(10):1005-12. Abstract
276. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, et al. Disease activity courses in a regional cohort of Crohn's disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995 Jul;30(7):699-706. Abstract
277. Burisch J, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas L, et al. Natural disease course of Crohn's disease during the first 5 years after diagnosis in a European population-based inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study. Gut. 2019 Mar;68(3):423-33. Abstract
278. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and recurrence in 907 patients with primary ileocaecal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 2000 Dec;87(12):1697-701. Abstract
279. Murray JJ, Schoetz DJ Jr, Nugent FW, et al. Surgical management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum. Am J Surg. 1984 Jan;147(1):58-65. Abstract
280. Beaugerie L, Seksik P, Nion-Larmurier I, et al. Predictors of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2006 Mar;130(3):650-6. Abstract
281. Weterman IT, Biemond I, Peña AS. Mortality and causes of death in Crohn's disease. Review of 50 years' experience in Leiden University Hospital. Gut. 1990 Dec;31(12):1387-90.Full text Abstract
282. Card R, Hubbard R, Logan RF. Mortality in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2003 Dec;125(6):1583-90. Abstract
283. Jess T, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. Survival and cause specific mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a long term outcome study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-2004. Gut. 2006 Sep;55(9):1248-54. Abstract
284. Bernstein CN, Nugent Z, Targownik LE, et al. Predictors and risks for death in a population-based study of persons with IBD in Manitoba. Gut. 2015 Sep;64(9):1403-11. Abstract
285. Bettenworth D, Gustavsson A, Atreja A, et al. A pooled analysis of efficacy, safety, and long-term outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation therapy for patients with stricturing Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017 Jan;23(1):133-42. Abstract
286. Navaneethan U, Lourdusamy V, Njei B, et al. Endoscopic balloon dilation in the management of strictures in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized trials. Surg Endosc. 2016 Dec;30(12):5434-43. Abstract
287. Komaki Y, Komaki F, Micic D, et al. Risk of fractures in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul;53(6):441-8. Abstract
288. Liu J, Wang Y, Zou Y, et al. Impact of Vitamin D on the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2023;26(12):2247-58. Abstract
289. Axelrad JE, Hashash JG, Itzkowitz SH. AGA clinical practice update on management of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with malignancy: commentary. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jul;22(7):1365-72.Full text Abstract
290. Gordon H, Biancone L, Fiorino G, et al. ECCO guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Jun 16;17(6):827-54.Full text
291. Jess T, Gamborg M, Matzen P, et al. Increased risk of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec;100(12):2724-9. Abstract
292. Jess T, Loftus EV Jr, Velayos FS, et al. Incidence and prognosis of colorectal dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Aug;12(8):669-76. Abstract
293. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Kliewer E, et al. Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Cancer. 2001 Feb 15;91(4):854-62.Full text Abstract
294. Connell WR, Sheffield JP, Kamm MA, et al. Lower gastrointestinal malignancy in Crohn's disease. Gut. 1994 Mar;35(3):347-52.Full text Abstract
295. Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Habermann TM, et al. Risk of lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Sep;95(9):2308-12. Abstract
296. Kandiel A, Fraser AG, Korelitz BI, et al. Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Gut. 2005 Aug;54(8):1121-5. Abstract
297. Jess T, Horváth-Puhó E, Fallingborg J, et al. Cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease according to patient phenotype and treatment: a Danish population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec;108(12):1869-76. Abstract
298. Wang LH, Yang YJ, Cheng WC, et al. Higher risk for hematological malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Sep;111(9):1313-9. Abstract
299. Primrose N, Johnston E. Prescribing for pregnancy: inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Ther Bull. 2022 Feb;60(2):24-28. Abstract
300. Ali T, Yun L, Rubin DT. Risk of post-operative complications associated with anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jan 21;18(3):197-204.Full text Abstract
301. Khan N, Abbas AM, Whang N, et al. Incidence of liver toxicity in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with methotrexate: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Feb;18(2):359-67. Abstract
302. de Jong MJ, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Romberg-Camps MJ, et al. Telemedicine for management of inflammatory bowel disease (myIBDcoach): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Sep 2;390(10098):959-68. Abstract
303. Gordon M, Sinopoulou V, Lakunina S, et al. Remote care through telehealth for people with inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 May 4;5(5):CD014821.Full text Abstract
304. Cao BL, Qasem A, Sharp RC, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of tuberculosis in Crohn's disease patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (Anti-TNFα). World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul 7;24(25):2764-75.Full text Abstract
305. Farraye FA, Odze RD, Eaden J, et al. AGA medical position statement on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2010 Feb;138(2):738-45.Full text Abstract
306. von Roon AC, Reese G, Teare J, et al. The risk of cancer in patients with Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Jun;50(6):839-55. Abstract
307. Bye WA, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, et al. Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 18;(9):CD000279.Full text Abstract
308. Maykel JA, Hagerman G, Mellgren AF, et al. Crohn's colitis: the incidence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in surgical patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Jul;49(7):950-7. Abstract
309. Johansen MP, Wewer MD, Nordholm-Carstensen A, et al. Perianal Crohn's disease and the development of colorectal and anal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Apr 3;17(3):361-8.Full text Abstract
310. Kabir M, Thomas-Gibson S, Tozer PJ, et al. DECIDE: Delphi Expert Consensus Statement on inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia shared management decision-making. J Crohns Colitis. 2023 Nov 8;17(10):1652-71.Full text Abstract
311. Shah S. Dietary factors in the modulation of inflammatory bowel disease activity. MedGenMed. 2007 Mar 27;9(1):60.Full text Abstract
312. Serrano Fernandez V, Seldas Palomino M, Laredo-Aguilera JA, et al. High-fiber diet and Crohn's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2023 Jul 12;15(14):3114.Full text Abstract
313. Brotherton CS, Taylor AG, Bourguignon C, et al. A high-fiber diet may improve bowel function and health-related quality of life in patients with Crohn disease. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2014 May-Jun;37(3):206-16.Full text Abstract
314. Brennan GT, Ha I, Hogan C, et al. Does preoperative enteral or parenteral nutrition reduce postoperative complications in Crohn's disease patients: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Sep;30(9):997-1002. Abstract
315. Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):241-58.Full text Abstract
316. Grass F, Pache B, Martin D, et al. Preoperative nutritional conditioning of Crohn's patients - systematic review of current evidence and practice. Nutrients. 2017 Jun 1;9(6):E562.Full text Abstract
317. Khalili H, Granath F, Smedby KE, et al. Association between long-term oral contraceptive use and risk of Crohn's disease complications in a nationwide study. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jun;150(7):1561-7.e1.Full text Abstract
318. Tu W, Xu G, Du S. Structure and content components of self-management interventions that improve health-related quality of life in people with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Clin Nurs. 2015 Oct;24(19-20):2695-709. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer