OCD affects 1% to 4% of people (children, adolescents, adults) throughout the world.[3]Nazeer A, Latif F, Mondal A, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Transl Pediatr. 2020 Feb;9(suppl 1):S76-S93.
https://www.doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.10.02
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32206586?tool=bestpractice.com
It is estimated that OCD is the fourth most common mental illness.[4]Veale D, Roberts A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMJ. 2014 Apr 7;348:g2183.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24709802?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, the lifetime prevalence for adults is about 2.3%.[5]Ruscio AM, Stein DJ, Chiu WT, et al. The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:53-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18725912
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725912?tool=bestpractice.com
There is an equal prevalence among males and females.[6]Maj M, Sartorius N, Zohar J, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. 2nd ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley; 2002. Age of onset is typically late adolescence to early twenties, although males tend to develop the disorder earlier than females.[6]Maj M, Sartorius N, Zohar J, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. 2nd ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley; 2002.[7]World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th revision. Jan 2022 [internet publication].
https://icd.who.int/en
Late onset (i.e., after 35 years of age) is less common, and is often associated with a history of chronic subclinical symptoms.[7]World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th revision. Jan 2022 [internet publication].
https://icd.who.int/en
The disorder appears with similar prevalence rates and symptom presentations across cultures.[8]Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Cross National Collaborative Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:5-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077177?tool=bestpractice.com
However, there can be some cultural specificity to the content of obsessions.[9]Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL. The epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1992;15:743-758.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461792?tool=bestpractice.com
Similar prevalence rates have been found in the US, Canada, Puerto Rico, Germany, Korea, and New Zealand.[8]Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Cross National Collaborative Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:5-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077177?tool=bestpractice.com
A lower prevalence rate, however, has been found in Taiwan.[8]Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Cross National Collaborative Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:5-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077177?tool=bestpractice.com
OCD has a significant impact on quality of life and can greatly impair one's level of functioning. The World Health Organization has estimated that OCD is among the top 20 causes of illness-related disability for people between the ages of 15 and 44.[10]World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2001 - Mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
http://www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_en.pdf