Monitoring

There is a high prevalence of long-term bladder, bowel, sexual, and physical dysfunction in patients who have undergone surgery for CES, and patients should be monitored for ongoing problems at follow-up.[32][52] Referral to physiotherapy, continence, urology, and/or pain management services may be required.[46]

There is evidence that monitoring and therapy for ongoing sexual dysfunction and pain is inadequate in these patients.[36][46]

For all patients who have had disc herniation, a lifelong programme of muscle activity to maintain healthy core lumbar and pelvic girdle muscles is important to avoid continued degeneration and recurrence.

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