Urinary incontinence is a common condition that affects over 60% of community dwelling women worldwide.[3]Patel UJ, Godecker AL, Giles DL, et al. Updated prevalence of urinary incontinence in women: 2015-2018 national population-based survey data. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2022 Apr 1;28(4):181-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35030139?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Almousa S, Bandin van Loon A. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous adolescent and middle-aged women and the associated risk factors: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2018 Jan;107:78-83.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169586?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, studies show the prevalence of any urinary incontinence in women aged 20 years or over is 53% to 60%: 26% to 37.5% of women had stress incontinence only; 10% to 22% had urgency incontinence only; and 16% to 31.3% had mixed urinary incontinence.[3]Patel UJ, Godecker AL, Giles DL, et al. Updated prevalence of urinary incontinence in women: 2015-2018 national population-based survey data. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2022 Apr 1;28(4):181-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35030139?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Lee UJ, Feinstein L, Ward JB, et al. Prevalence of urinary incontinence among a nationally representative sample of women, 2005-2016: findings from the Urologic Diseases in America Project. J Urol. 2021 Jun;205(6):1718-24.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33605795?tool=bestpractice.com
A study on different racial/ethnic groups within the US determined that stress and mixed urinary incontinence were significantly less prevalent in black versus white women; however, there was no significant difference in prevalence of urgency urinary incontinence between the groups.[6]Akbar A, Liu K, Michos ED, et al. Racial differences in urinary incontinence prevalence and associated bother: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Jan;224(1):80.e1-80.e9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32697955?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age.[7]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 155: urinary incontinence in women. Nov 2015 [internet publication].
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/citation/2015/11000/practice_bulletin_no__155__urinary_incontinence_in.51.aspx
[8]Parker-Autry C, Kuchel GA. Urinary incontinence in older women: a syndrome-based approach to addressing late life heterogeneity. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2021 Sep;48(3):665-75.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34416944?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence tends to increase gradually during adult life (affecting 10% of women aged 20 to 24 years), reaching a plateau between 50 and 70 years, and then steadily increasing again after 70 years.[9]Anger JT, Saigal CS, Litwin MS, et al. The prevalence of urinary incontinence among community dwelling adult women: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Urol. 2006 Feb;175(2):601-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407004?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sadvik H, et al. A community-based epidemiologic survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPICONT Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Nov;53(11):1150-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106889?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence of stress incontinence peaks in the fifth decade of life, whereas the prevalence of both mixed and urgency incontinence continues to increase with age.[11]Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, et al. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul 6;3:17042.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28681849?tool=bestpractice.com
One study investigating prevalence of urinary incontinence among women in long-term care institutions in various countries found similar prevalence rates, ranging from 43% to 65%, across seven countries in Europe and the US.[12]Sgadari A, Topinkovaa E, Bjornson J, et al. Urinary incontinence in nursing home residents: a cross-national comparison. Age Ageing. 1997 Sep;26(suppl 2):49-54.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9464555?tool=bestpractice.com
However, many population studies exist, with considerable variation in the estimated incidence and prevalence reported.[13]Milsom I, Gyhagen M. The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Climacteric. 2019 Jun;22(3):217-22.
https://www.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1543263
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30572737?tool=bestpractice.com