Emerging treatments

Brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions

Investigations have found initial benefit of a condensed, 5-session CBT protocol for panic disorder, and a 1-session CBT intervention delivered in emergency departments for panic disorder.[158][159] An 8-day intensive CBT programme for adolescents with panic disorder has been found to be effective in reducing panic and comorbid anxiety disorder symptoms.[160]

Mental health apps

Several mental health apps have been developed for panic and anxiety-related conditions. Smartphone-delivered interventions have the potential benefit for large-scale dissemination at low cost. Unfortunately, many available apps lack any empirical evidence for their efficacy and effectiveness. A meta-analysis showed that apps can reduce general symptoms of anxiety relative to control conditions, but poor quality exists among panic-specific apps.[161][162]

Anticonvulsants

Gabapentin may be used in clinically ill patients with panic disorder.[163] Pregabalin and lamotrigine have also been used in anxiety disorders, although their role in the treatment of panic disorder is unknown.[164]

Novel antidepressants

In one 2013 meta-analysis, mirtazapine was more effective for anxiety levels than for panic symptoms in patients with panic disorder.[92] Mirtazapine has a unique side-effect profile that may be desirable in select populations.[165][166]

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