Epidemiology
The lifetime incidence of SBO varies between 0.1% and 5% in patients who have not undergone previous surgery, yet may rise to over 60% in patients who have undergone previous abdominal surgery.[2][3][4] In patients with Crohn disease, the incidence may be upward of 25%. In children, 1 in 5000 cases are reported at birth and 0.5% in the first 2 years of life.[5]
SBO is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and it can be fatal in untreated patients if it progresses to intestinal necrosis, perforation, sepsis, and multi-organ failure.
Risk factors
Can lead to midgut volvulus, resulting in the loss of the midgut, necrosis, and death.
Can lead to the formation of an inflammatory phlegmon or strictures that may obstruct the intestine.
Inguinal, femoral, ventral, incisional, umbilical, and parastomal hernias can lead to incarceration and intestinal obstruction.
Leads to intestinal obstruction as the intestine is "pinched off" during the process of intussusception.
Always causes obstruction as the twisted intestine leads to the total loss of intestinal luminal patency.
Important cause of intestinal obstruction in newborn infants; the failure of intestinal development leads to an interruption of luminal patency.
A rare cause of obstruction.[11] Can lead to obstruction of the intestine due to the formation of an inflammatory phlegmon/abscess.
Ingested foreign bodies can cause a mass effect in the intestinal lumen and prevent the passage of intestinal contents.
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