Drowning

Drowning severity classification[17]Szpilman D. Near-drowning and drowning classification: a proposal to stratify mortality based on the analysis of 1,831 cases. Chest. 1997 Sep;112(3):660-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315798?tool=bestpractice.com ​​[18]Orlowski JP, Szpilman D. Drowning. Rescue, resuscitation, and reanimation. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Jun;48(3):627-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411297?tool=bestpractice.com [45]Szpilman D, Bierens JJ, Handley AJ, et al. Current concepts: drowning. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 31;366(22):2102-10. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1013317 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22646632?tool=bestpractice.com [46]Szpilman D, Elmann J, Cruz-Filho FE. Drowning classification: a revalidation study based on the analysis of 930 cases over 10 years. Book of abstracts. World Congress on Drowning, Amsterdam; 2002:66.

A drowning severity classification has been developed, separating drowning patients into 6 grades based on the initial exam. Each grade has an associated mortality risk and treatment recommendations.

[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Drowning classification systemAdapted from Orlowski JP, Szpilman D. Drowning. Rescue, resuscitation, and reanimation. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Jun;48(3):627-46. Used with permission [Citation ends].

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