The true incidence and prevalence of uterine fibroids in the general female population are unknown because the condition is frequently asymptomatic and therefore not identified.[5]Stewart EA, Cookson CL, Gandolfo RA, et al. Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review. BJOG. 2017 Sep;124(10):1501-12.
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.14640
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28296146?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence increases with age during the reproductive years such that cases occur in 20% to 50% of women older than 30 years.[6]Payson M, Leppert P, Segars J. Epidemiology of myomas. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;33(1):1-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16504803?tool=bestpractice.com
Approximately 25% of women of reproductive age with uterine fibroids have symptoms severe enough to require treatment.[5]Stewart EA, Cookson CL, Gandolfo RA, et al. Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review. BJOG. 2017 Sep;124(10):1501-12.
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.14640
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28296146?tool=bestpractice.com
By extrapolation of findings from a prospective histopathology study of 100 consecutive total hysterectomy specimens, the prevalence of uterine fibroids in the general female population may be as high as 80% and is unchanged by menopausal status.[3]Cramer SF, Patel A. The frequency of uterine leiomyomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990 Oct;94(4):435-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2220671?tool=bestpractice.com
From a cohort of 116,678 premenopausal nurses formed in 1989 (Nurses' Health Study II), a resulting population of 95,061 premenopausal women with intact uteri was identified and completed a health questionnaire in 1993. New cases of uterine fibroids diagnosed by pelvic examination, ultrasound, or hysterectomy during a 4-year interval ending in May of 1993 were identified. The crude incidence of uterine fibroids in this study was about 1% per year. The incidence was shown to be significantly increased with advancing age, black race (threefold), increased body mass index, history of infertility, and current alcohol consumption.[7]Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, et al. Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race. Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Dec;90(6):967-73.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9397113?tool=bestpractice.com
In another study, the estimated cumulative incidence by age 50 was >80% for black women and approaching 70% for white women.[8]Day Baird D, Dunson DB, Hill MC, et al. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;188(1):100-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12548202?tool=bestpractice.com
Uterine fibroids represent the most common solid tumors of the female pelvis and are the leading cause for hysterectomy.[5]Stewart EA, Cookson CL, Gandolfo RA, et al. Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review. BJOG. 2017 Sep;124(10):1501-12.
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.14640
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28296146?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 228: management of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas. Jun 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2021/06/management-of-symptomatic-uterine-leiomyomas