Male factor infertility

Terminology[1]Rowe PJ, Comhaire FH, Hargreave TB, et al. WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile male. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

• Hypospermia is low semen volume.

• Oligozoospermia is low sperm count.

• Asthenozoospermia is decreased sperm motility.

• Teratozoospermia refers to abnormal sperm morphology.

• Azoospermia is the absence of sperm in the semen. It can be obstructive or due to spermatogenic dysfunction.

• Aspermia is the absence of the ejaculate.

World Health Organization (WHO) reference range for normal semen analysis[33]World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen: sixth edition. Jul 2021 [internet publication]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787

• Ejaculate volume >1.4 mL

• Sperm concentration >16 million/mL

• Percentage motility >42%

• Normal morphology >4%