Antireflux biliary stents are being developed, with research ongoing. These stents can potentially reduce the risk of cholangitis from bacterial contamination of the biliary tree and may be commercially available in the future.[50]Hu B, Wang TT, Wu J, et al. Antireflux stents to reduce the risk of cholangitis in patients with malignant biliary strictures: a randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2014 Feb;46(2):120-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477367?tool=bestpractice.com
[51]Lee KJ, Chung MJ, Park JY, et al. Clinical advantages of a metal stent with an S-shaped anti-reflux valve in malignant biliary obstruction. Dig Endosc. 2013 May;25(3):308-12.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369050?tool=bestpractice.com
[52]Lin H, Li S, Liu X. The safety and efficacy of nasobiliary drainage versus biliary stenting in malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Nov;95(46):e5253.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120904
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861347?tool=bestpractice.com
[53]Hamada T, Nakai Y, Isayama H, et al. Antireflux metal stent for biliary obstruction: any benefits? Dig Endosc. 2021 Mar;33(3):310-20.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/den.13679
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32250476?tool=bestpractice.com