History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

common

right upper quadrant (RUQ) or epigastric pain (lasting >30 minutes)

Typical biliary pain occurs in the RUQ or epigastric area, sometimes after the consumption of food. This constant pain typically increases in intensity and lasts for several hours (biliary colic).[1] Pain of short duration (<30 minutes) is not biliary colic, while that of long duration (over 5 hours) suggests cholecystitis or another major complication.[1] Pain may be accompanied by nausea and sometimes vomiting.[1]

Dyspepsia, heartburn, flatulence, and bloating are common, but these features are not characteristic for gallstone disease.[1][2]

Other diagnostic factors

common

postprandial pain

Onset of pain may be after a meal, often around 1 hour after eating, particularly at night time.[73]

RUQ or epigastric tenderness

Murphy's sign (inspiratory arrest when palpating the gallbladder fossa) has a high sensitivity (97%) but poor specificity (48%) for acute cholecystitis.[74] Murphy's sign is more suggestive of cholecystitis.[1]

uncommon

nausea

Nausea may be present but more often accompanies pain from acute cholecystitis.[1]

jaundice

Jaundice develops primarily in patients with choledocholithiasis, and is characteristic of cholangitis.[31][75] Jaundice is uncommon in simple acute cholecystitis, except for Mirizzi syndrome (a rare complication in which a gallstone becomes impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder, causing compression or inflammation of the common bile duct or common hepatic duct, resulting in obstruction and jaundice).[31]

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