Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
long term
medium

Sarcopenia is a significant predictor of hospitalization among older people.[99]

Hospitalization can be a consequence of sarcopenia, but it can also be a cause for the development of sarcopenia. Exercise and regular activity could prevent hospitalization. Physical activity following a prolonged period of bed rest is necessary to recover from the loss of muscle mass and strength.

long term
medium

Admission to a care home can be a consequence of sarcopenia, particularly after progressing into frailty. Physical activity (including physical therapy, when indicated) following any prolonged period of bed rest is necessary to recover from the loss of muscle mass and strength.

long term
medium

The risk of fractures was higher in patients with osteosarcopenia (the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia) in older adults attending one falls and fractures clinic.[55] Fractures can be prevented by management of sarcopenia in combination with osteoporosis treatment.[55]

Hip fractures

long term
medium

Sarcopenia is associated with falls.[100] Ask about a history of falls or look for evidence of injury on physical examination (ecchymoses, laceration, hematoma, fracture, limited movement due to pain). Falls can be prevented by management of sarcopenia along with falls prevention interventions and providing assistive devices for walking.[101]

Evaluation of falls in the elderly

long term
medium

Sarcopenia is associated with increased chemotherapy toxicity in patients with cancer.[103]

long term
low

Sarcopenia is associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality independently of the population under study and the criteria to define sarcopenia.[98] This highlights the need for screening and early intervention for sarcopenia.[98]

variable
medium

Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for postoperative infections in patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection.[102]

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