AR is a common disease that affects up to 30% of adults and up to 40% of children in industrialized countries worldwide.[6]European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global atlas of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Zurich, Switzerland: EAACI; 2015.
https://medialibrary.eaaci.org/mediatheque/media.aspx?mediaId=60232&channel=8518
The prevalence of AR varies significantly between countries.[7]Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006 Aug 26;368(9537):733-43.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16935684?tool=bestpractice.com
AR is believed to affect up to 60 million people in the US annually.[3]Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Amrol DJ, et al. Rhinitis 2020: a practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Oct;146(4):721-67.
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)31023-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707227?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence of physician-diagnosed AR in the US has been reported to be 14% in adults and 7% in children.[8]Meltzer EO, Blaiss MS, Naclerio RM, et al. Burden of allergic rhinitis: allergies in America, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific adult surveys. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012 Sep-Oct;33(suppl 1):S113-41.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981425?tool=bestpractice.com
In Europe, the prevalence of AR has been reported as 13%.[9]Bauchau V, Durham SR. Prevalence and rate of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2004 Nov;24(5):758-64.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/24/5/758.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15516669?tool=bestpractice.com
AR affects people of all ages, but approximately 80% of individuals diagnosed with AR develop symptoms before the age of 20 years.[10]Skoner DP. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Jul;108(1 Suppl):S2-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11449200?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Pawankar R, Canonica GW, Colgate ST, et al. World Allergy Organization (WAO) white book on allergy: update 2013. Milwaukee, WI: World Allergy Organization; 2013.
https://www.worldallergy.org/UserFiles/file/WhiteBook2-2013-v8.pdf
During childhood, older children have a higher prevalence of AR than younger children, with a peak occurring at ages 13 to 14 years.[12]Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, et al; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2013 Mar-Apr;41(2):73-85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771150?tool=bestpractice.com
During childhood, boys are more likely than girls to be affected by AR; beginning in puberty, girls have a higher rate of new AR symptoms, and by age >20 years the prevalence of AR is equal among men and women.[13]Pinart M, Keller T, Reich A, et al. Sex-related allergic rhinitis prevalence switch from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2017;172(4):224-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28456795?tool=bestpractice.com
AR has a major impact on quality of life. It is commonly associated with and can exacerbate asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and sleep disturbances.[3]Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Amrol DJ, et al. Rhinitis 2020: a practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Oct;146(4):721-67.
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)31023-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707227?tool=bestpractice.com
AR is found in approximately twice as many children with sleep-disordered breathing as those without.[14]Cao Y, Wu S, Zhang L, et al. Association of allergic rhinitis with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec;97(51):e13783.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2018/12210/Association_of_allergic_rhinitis_with_obstructive.113.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30572534?tool=bestpractice.com
The presence of AR in adults with obstructive sleep apnea does not appear to affect sleep parameters. Further exploration of the interaction between these conditions is indicated.[14]Cao Y, Wu S, Zhang L, et al. Association of allergic rhinitis with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec;97(51):e13783.
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2018/12210/Association_of_allergic_rhinitis_with_obstructive.113.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30572534?tool=bestpractice.com