The true incidence and prevalence of Meniere disease (MD) is not known. In a study from Rochester, Minnesota, the incidence was calculated as 15.30 per 100,000 people, with a prevalence of 218 per 100,000 population.[5]Wladislavosky-Waserman P, Facer GW, Mokri B, et al. Meniere's disease: a 30-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Rochester, MN, 1951-1980. Laryngoscope. 1984 Aug;94(8):1098-102.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6611471?tool=bestpractice.com
Data from South Korea report the incidence of MD in 2017 between 78.03 and 158.80 people per 100,000, in men and women respectively.[6]Kim MH, Cheon C. Epidemiology and seasonal variation of Ménière's disease: data from a population-based study. Audiol Neurootol. 2020;25(4):224-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289780?tool=bestpractice.com
MD is primarily a disease of adulthood, although several cases have been reported in children. Onset usually occurs in the fourth decade.[3]da Costa SS, de Sousa LC, Piza MR. Meniere's disease: overview, epidemiology, and natural history. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;35(3):455-95.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486835?tool=bestpractice.com
MD seems to have a higher prevalence in white people, and around 50% of patients have a family history of MD.[7]Paparella MM. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Meniere's disease. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1991;111(suppl 485):26-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1843169?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Zhang S, Guo Z, Tian E, et al. Meniere disease subtyping: the direction of diagnosis and treatment in the future. Expert Rev Neurother. 2022 Feb;22(2):115-27.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14737175.2022.2030221
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35057670?tool=bestpractice.com
MD is slightly more common in females, with a 2.17:1 female-to-male ratio.[6]Kim MH, Cheon C. Epidemiology and seasonal variation of Ménière's disease: data from a population-based study. Audiol Neurootol. 2020;25(4):224-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289780?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence of bilateral disease varies in the literature between 2% and 73%.[9]Huppert D, Strupp M, Brandt T. Long-term course of Menière's disease revisited. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010 Jun;130(6):644-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20001444?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Morita Y, Takahashi K, Ohshima S, et al. Is vestibular Meniere's disease associated with endolymphatic hydrops? Front Surg. 2020 Dec 18:7:601692.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2020.601692/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33392247?tool=bestpractice.com
Other studies report that bilateral disease may occur in up to 50% of patients with MD during their lifetime.[3]da Costa SS, de Sousa LC, Piza MR. Meniere's disease: overview, epidemiology, and natural history. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;35(3):455-95.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486835?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Paparella MM. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Meniere's disease. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1991;111(suppl 485):26-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1843169?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Lee CS, Paparella MM, Margolis RH, et al. Audiological profiles and Menière's disease. Ear Nose Throat J. 1995 Aug;74(8):527-32.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7555870?tool=bestpractice.com
More than 10% of people with apparent unilateral disease may be found to have bilateral disease on testing.[12]Conlon BJ, Gibson WP. Meniere's disease: the incidence of hydrops in the contralateral asymptomatic ear. Laryngoscope. 1999 Nov;109(11):1800-2.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10569410?tool=bestpractice.com