Emerging treatments

Sirolimus

Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin, and has been studied in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).[51][56]​ Further research is needed before this drug can be incorporated in the current management strategy.

Rituximab

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD20 that has been studied in the treatment of AIH.[51][57] Further research is needed before this drug can be incorporated in the current management strategy.

Infliximab

Infliximab, a recombinant chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, has been used as a salvage therapy in refractory AIH.[58] AIH appears to be an infrequent adverse effect of infliximab treatment.[16][59][60]

Ursodiol monotherapy

A hydrophilic bile acid with immunomodulatory capabilities that alter the human leukocyte antigen class I antigen expression on cellular surfaces to suppress immunoglobulin production. Ursodiol has been studied as adjunctive therapy in a controlled trial of patients with type 1 AIH, and in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with additional features of AIH.[61][62] US guidelines suggest that ursodiol may be helpful in patients with concurrent autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis.[63]

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