Uncomplicated NVP
Prognosis is excellent. Uncomplicated NVP typically resolves by the 20th week of gestation. Furthermore, women who experience NVP have been shown to have improved pregnancy outcomes. These include a decrease in miscarriages, pre-term deliveries, and stillbirths. In addition, there is a lower prevalence for reduced fetal birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and fetal mortality.[41]Brandes JM. First-trimester nausea and vomiting as related to outcome of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1967 Sep;30(3):427-31.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6037702?tool=bestpractice.com
[42]Jarnfelt-Samsioe A, Samsioe G, Velinder GM. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy - a contribution to its epidemiology. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1983;16(4):221-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6629143?tool=bestpractice.com
[43]Weigel MM, Weigel RM. Nausea and vomiting of early pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. An epidemiologic study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Nov;96(11):1304-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2611169?tool=bestpractice.com
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Hyperemesis may persist throughout the pregnancy and often requires ongoing pharmacological intervention, intravenous hydration, and hospital admission. In contrast with uncomplicated NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with an increase in maternal morbidity, and also increased fetal morbidity and mortality.[44]Zhang J, Cai WW. Severe vomiting during pregnancy: antenatal correlates and fetal outcomes. Epidemiology. 1991 Nov;2(6):454-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1790200?tool=bestpractice.com
[45]Wood P, Murray A, Sinha B, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum. Case reports. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1983 Jun;90(6):583-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6860605?tool=bestpractice.com
[46]Gross S, Librach C, Cecutti A. Maternal weight loss associated with hyperemesis gravidarum: a predictor of fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Apr;160(4):906-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2712122?tool=bestpractice.com
[47]Bailit JL. Hyperemesis gravidarum: epidemiologic findings from a large cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;193(3 Pt 1):811-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150279?tool=bestpractice.com
Additionally, patients may experience significant psychological impact from severe NVP.