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Images
Bladder cancer
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables: probability of recurrence and progression according to score
From World J Urol. 2007 Jun;25(3):285-95; used with permission
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Bladder cancer
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) scoring system: weighting used to calculate recurrence and progression scores. CIS, carcinoma in situ
From World J Urol. 2007 Jun;25(3):285-95; used with permission
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Bladder cancer
Carcinoma in situ of the bladder; this can appear as a rough, erythematous patch in the bladder, but often the urothelium appears normal; random biopsy or biopsy of areas stained by 0.2% methylene blue, illustrated here, is needed to make the diagnosis
From the collection of Donald Lamm, MD, FACS
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Bladder cancer
Low-grade, non-invasive (Ta) papillary urothelial carcinoma; note adjacent satellite tumour, illustrating the field effect
From the collection of Donald Lamm, MD, FACS
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Bladder cancer
Low-grade urothelial carcinoma seeding in the prostatic urethra; illustrated is the loop electrode used to resect bladder tumours
From the collection of Donald Lamm, MD, FACS
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Bladder cancer
Low-grade tumours surrounded by small satellite tumours with small, uniform fronds. In the foreground is a solid tumour on a broad base, a typical appearance of high-grade tumours. Low- and high-grade tumours often occur in the same patient
From the collection of Donald Lamm, MD, FACS
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Bladder cancer
Methylene blue-stained tumour at the right bladder neck. Staining with 0.2% methylene blue (or use of hexaminolevulinate blue-light fluorescence cystoscopy) can help identify tumours not seen otherwise
From the collection of Donald Lamm, MD, FACS
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