Prognosis

The outlook for patients who present with night blindness depends on the underlying cause. Many inherited conditions show variable symptoms and progression depending on the underlying gene mutation and mode of inheritance.[3][6][23]​ Photoreceptor dysfunction usually progresses gradually leading to deteriorating symptoms and peripheral visual field constriction. Central vision may become affected at later stages.[3]

Retinitis pigmentosa

More than 45 gene mutations have been identified in this condition and many more remain undiscovered. Outlook varies with the underlying genetic abnormality, but patients typically lose night vision in adolescence and central vision in later life.[3]

Congenital stationary night blindness

Conditions in this group present in early childhood and do not progress. The clinical appearance often correlates well with the underlying genetic abnormality. Patients usually have poor night vision but maintain vision in brighter conditions.[6]

Cancer-associated retinopathy

Outlook depends on the nature of the underlying cancer. No effective treatment exists for the retinopathy, and photoreceptor function often deteriorates rapidly.[5]

Melanoma-associated retinopathy

Recognising occult malignant melanoma relies on clinical vigilance and awareness of this rare condition.[15] Prognosis depends on the stage of the underlying disease.

Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency

Outlook depends on the underlying cause of the deficiency. Vitamin A (retinol) supplementation can reduce night blindness.[11]

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