References
Key articles
Agner T, Elsner P. Hand eczema: epidemiology, prognosis and prevention. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Jan;34 Suppl 1:4-12.Full text Abstract
Elsner P, Agner T. Hand eczema: treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Jan;34 Suppl 1:13-21.Full text Abstract
Christoffers WA, Coenraads PJ, Svensson Å, et al. Interventions for hand eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 26;4(4):CD004055.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Agner T, Elsner P. Hand eczema: epidemiology, prognosis and prevention. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Jan;34 Suppl 1:4-12.Full text Abstract
2. Fowler JF Jr, Storrs FJ. Nickel allergy and dyshidrotic eczema: are they related? Am J Contact Dermatol. 2001;12:119-121. Abstract
3. Agrup G. Hand eczema and other hand dermatoses in south Sweden. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). 1969;49(Suppl 61):5-91.
4. Magina S, Barros MA, Ferreira JA, et al. Atopy, nickel sensitivity, occupation, and clinical patterns in different types of hand dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat. 2003;14:63-68. Abstract
5. Gladys TE, Maczuga S, Flamm A. Characterizing demographics and cost of care for dyshidrotic eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 2022 Feb;86(2):107-12.Full text Abstract
6. Lodi A, Betti R, Chiarelli G, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and allergological observations on pompholyx. Contact Dermatitis. 1992;26:17-21. Abstract
7. Edman B. Palmar eczema: a pathogenic role for acetylsalicyclic acid, contraceptives and smoking? Acta Derm Venereol. 1988;68:402-407. Abstract
8. Lehucher-Michel MP, Koeppel MC, Lanteaume A, et al. Dyshidrotic eczema and occupation: a descriptive study. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43:200-205. Abstract
9. Bryld LE, Agner T, Menne T. Relationship between vesicular eruptions on the hands and tinea pedis, atopic dermatitis and nickel allergy. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:186-188. Abstract
10. Prystupa K, Rudzki E. Oral tolerance of nickel in patients with dyshidrosis. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;42:276-277. Abstract
11. Veien NK, Hattel T, Justesen O, et al. Oral challenge with metal salts. (I). Vesicular patch-test-negative hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 1983;9:402-406. Abstract
12. Crosti C, Lodi A. Pompholyx: A still unresolved kind of eczema. Dermatol. 1993;186:241-242. Abstract
13. Yokozeki H, Katayama I, Nishioka K, et al. The role of metal allergy and local hyperhidrosis in the pathogenesis of pompholyx. J Dermatol. 1992;19:964-967. Abstract
14. Wollina U, Abdel Naser MB. Pharmacotherapy of pompholyx. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004;5:1517-1522. Abstract
15. Elsner P, Agner T. Hand eczema: treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Jan;34 Suppl 1:13-21.Full text Abstract
16. Shenefelt PD. Psychodermatological disorders: recognition and treatment. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50:1309-22. Abstract
17. Kutzner H, Wurzel R, Wolff H. Are acrosyringia involved in the pathogenesis of "dyshidrosis"? Am J Dermatopathol. 1986;8:109-116. Abstract
18. de Boer EM, Bruynzeel DP, van Ketel WG. Dyshidrotic eczema as an occupational dermatitis in metal workers. Contact Dermatitis. 1988;19:184-188. Abstract
19. Thelin I, Agrup G. Pompholyx - a one year series. Acta Derm Venereol. 1985;65:214-217. Abstract
20. Guillet MH, Wierzbicka E, Guillet S, et al. A 3-year causative study of pompholyx in 120 patients. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:1504-1508. Abstract
21. Vocks E, Plötz SG, Ring J. The Dyshidrotic Eczema and Severity Index - a score developed for the assessment of dyshidrotic eczema. Dermatol. 1999;198:265-269. Abstract
22. Warshaw E. Therapeutic options for chronic hand dermatitis. Dermatol Ther. 2004;17:240-250. Abstract
23. Swartling C, Naver H, Lindberg M, et al. Treatment of dyshidrotic hand dermatitis with intradermal botulinum toxin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:667-671. Abstract
24. Odia S, Vocks E, Rakoski J, et al. Successful treatment of dyshidrotic hand eczema using tap water iontophoresis with pulsed direct current. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996;76:472-474. Abstract
25. Wollina U, Karamfilov T. Adjuvant botulinum toxin A in dyshidrotic hand eczema: a controlled prospective pilot study with left-right comparison. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002;16:40-42. Abstract
26. Veien NK, Kaaber K. Nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema). Contact Dermatitis. 1979;5:371-374. Abstract
27. Veien NK, Hattel T, Justesen O, et al. Dietary restrictions in the treatment of adult patients with eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 1987;17:223-228. Abstract
28. Veien NK, Hattel T, Justesen O, et al. Dietary treatment of nickel dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1985;65:138-142. Abstract
29. Kaaber K, Menné T, Veien N, et al. Treatment of nickel dermatitis with Antabuse; a double blind study. Contact Dermatitis. 1983;9:297-299. Abstract
30. Pigatto PD, Gibelli E, Fumagalli M, et al. Disodium cromoglycate versus diet in the treatment and prevention of nickel-positive pompholyx. Contact Dermatitis. 1990;22:27-31. Abstract
31. Santucci B, Cristaudo A, Cannistraci C, et al. Nickel sensitivity: effects of prolonged oral intake of the element. Contact Dermatitis. 1988;19:202-205. Abstract
32. Sharma AD. Low nickel diet in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol. 2013 May;58(3):240.Full text Abstract
33. Veien NK, Olhom Larsen P, Thestrup-Pedersen K, et al. Long-term, intermittent treatment of chronic hand eczema with mometasone furoate. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:882-886. Abstract
34. Volden G. Successful treatment of chronic skin diseases with clobetasol propionate and a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72(1):69-71. Abstract
35. Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Jul;89(1):e1-20.Full text Abstract
36. Schnopp C, Remling R, Möhrenschlager M, et al. Topical tacrolimus (FK 506) and mometasone furoate in the treatment of dyshidrotic palmar eczema: A randomized, observer-blinded trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:73-77. Abstract
37. Belsito DV, Fowler JF Jr, Marks JG Jr, et al. Pimecrolimus cream 1%: a potential new treatment for chronic hand dermatitis. Cutis. 2004;73:31-38. Abstract
38. Christoffers WA, Coenraads PJ, Svensson Å, et al. Interventions for hand eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 26;4(4):CD004055.Full text Abstract
39. Davis MD, McEvoy M, el-Azhary RA. Topical psoralen-ultraviolet A therapy for palmoplantar dermatoses: experience with 35 consecutive patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73:407-411. Abstract
40. Schempp CM, Müller H, Czech W, et al. Treatment of chronic palmoplantar eczema with local bath-PUVA therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36:733-737. Abstract
41. Behrens S, von Kobyletzki G, Gruss C, et al. PUVA-bath photochemotherapy (PUVA-soak therapy) of recalcitrant dermatoses of the palms and soles. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1999;15:47-51. Abstract
42. Egan CA, Rallis TM, Meadows KP, et al. Low-dose oral methotrexate treatment for recalcitrant palmoplantar pompholyx. J Am Acad Derm. 1999;40:612-614. Abstract
43. Scerri L. Azathioprine in dermatological practice. An overview with special emphasis on its use in non-bullous inflammatory dermatoses. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;455:343-348. Abstract
44. Granlund H, Erkko P, Eriksson E, et al. Comparison of cyclosporine and topical betamethasone-17, 21-dipropionate in the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996;76:371-376. Abstract
45. Pickenäcker A, Luger TA, Schwartz T. Dyshidrotic eczema treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:378-379. Abstract
46. Lowe NJ, Weingarten D, Bourget T, et al. PUVA therapy for psoriasis: comparison of oral and bath-water delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14:754-60. Abstract
47. LeVine MJ, Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB. Oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA) of dyshidrotic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1981;61:570-71. Abstract
48. Polderman MC, Govaert JC, le Cessie S, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of UVA-1 in the treatment of dyshidrotic eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28:584-87. Abstract
49. Rivard J, Lim HW. The use of 308-nm excimer laser for dermatoses: experience with 34 patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:550-54. Abstract
50. Wollina U. Pompholyx: what's new? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008;17:897-904. Abstract
51. Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Two phase 3 trials of dupilumab versus placebo in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 15;375(24):2335-48.Full text Abstract
52. Ho JSS, Molin S. A review of existing and new treatments for the management of hand eczema. J Cutan Med Surg. 2023 Sep-Oct;27(5):493-503.Full text Abstract
53. Voorberg AN, Romeijn GLE, de Bruin-Weller MS, et al. The long-term effect of dupilumab on chronic hand eczema in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis-52 week results from the Dutch BioDay Registry. Contact Dermatitis. 2022 Aug;87(2):185-91.Full text Abstract
54. Voorberg AN, Kamphuis E, Christoffers WA, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic hand eczema with inadequate response or intolerance to alitretinoin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb proof-of-concept study. Br J Dermatol. 2023 Sep 15;189(4):400-9.Full text Abstract
55. Oosterhaven JAF, Romeijn GLE, Schuttelaar MLA. Dupilumab treatment of very severe refractory atopic hand eczema. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Aug 1;154(8):969-70.Full text Abstract
56. Cheng J, Facheris P, Ungar B, et al. Current emerging and investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic hand eczema. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2022 Aug;31(8):843-53.Full text Abstract
57. Deng L, Luo Y, An B, et al. Recalcitrant palmar-plantar atopic dermatitis successfully treated with dupilumab: a case series. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022;15:2421-26.Full text Abstract
58. Bissonnette R, Papp KA, Poulin Y, et al. Topical tofacitinib for atopic dermatitis: a phase IIa randomized trial. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Nov;175(5):902-11.Full text Abstract
59. Nakagawa H, Nemoto O, Igarashi A, et al. Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and an open-label, long-term extension study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Apr;82(4):823-31.Full text Abstract
60. Papp K, Szepietowski JC, Kircik L, et al. Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Results from 2 phase 3, randomized, double-blind studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Oct;85(4):863-72.Full text Abstract
61. Reich K, Thyssen JP, Blauvelt A, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib versus dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022 Jul 23;400(10348):273-82.Full text Abstract
62. Bieber T, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, et al. Abrocitinib versus placebo or dupilumab for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1101-12.Full text Abstract
63. Shi VY, Bhutani T, Fonacier L, et al. Phase 3 efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis after switching from dupilumab (JADE EXTEND). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Aug;87(2):351-58.Full text Abstract
64. Simpson EL, Sinclair R, Forman S, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (JADE MONO-1): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020 Jul 25;396(10246):255-66.Full text Abstract
65. Silverberg JI, Simpson EL, Thyssen JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020 Aug 1;156(8):863-73.Full text Abstract
66. Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Nemoto O, et al. Baricitinib in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A phase 2 parallel, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled multiple-dose study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Apr;80(4):913-21.e9.Full text Abstract
67. Bieber T, Reich K, Paul C, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to ciclosporin: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial (BREEZE-AD4). Br J Dermatol. 2022 Sep;187(3):338-52.Full text Abstract
68. Guttman-Yassky E, Teixeira HD, Simpson EL, et al. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2021 Jun 5;397(10290):2151-68.Full text Abstract
69. Reich K, Teixeira HD, de Bruin-Weller M, et al. Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD Up): results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021 Jun 5;397(10290):2169-81.Full text Abstract
70. Kiszla BM, Orlowski TJ, Kole LCS. Efficacy and tolerance of upadacitinib in the treatment of dyshidrotic eczema. JAAD Case Rep. 2023 Aug;38:141-43.Full text Abstract
71. Paller AS, Tom WL, Lebwohl MG, et al. Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Sep;75(3):494-503.e6.Full text Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer