Urinary tract infections in children

Screening for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

The American Urological Association recommends screening for VUR in:[37]Peters CA, Skoog SJ, Arant BS Jr, et al; American Urological Association. Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. 2017 [internet publication]. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/vesicoureteral-reflux-guideline ​​

• Neonates with antenatally detected hydronephrosis (Society for Fetal Urology [SFU] grade 3 or 4)

• Siblings of children with VUR, if the untested sibling has renal cortical abnormalities or renal size asymmetry on ultrasound, or a history of UTI.

Screening voiding cystourethrogram may be considered in neonates with prenatal hydronephrosis of SFU grade 1 or 2.[37]Peters CA, Skoog SJ, Arant BS Jr, et al; American Urological Association. Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. 2017 [internet publication]. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/vesicoureteral-reflux-guideline ​