This is associated with chronic and severe faltering growth.
Associated with long-term deficits in growth, cognitive functioning, and academic performance.[47]Walker SP, Chang SM, Powell CA, et al. Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognition and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1804-7.
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[48]Berkman DS, Lescano AG, Gilman RH, et al. Effects of stunting, diarrhoeal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study. Lancet. 2002 Feb 16;359(9306):564-71.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867110?tool=bestpractice.com
Early stunting (especially in low- and middle-income countries) may increase the risk for obesity, resulting in a double burden of early undernutrition and subsequent obesity.[49]Pomeroy E, Stock JT, Stanojevic S, et al. Stunting, adiposity, and the individual-level "dual burden" among urban lowland and rural highland peruvian children. Am J Hum Biol. 2014 Jul-Aug;26(4):481-90.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.22551/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24706334?tool=bestpractice.com
[50]Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):427-451.
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Hunger compromises learning.[51]Weinreb L, Wehler C, Perloff J, et al. Hunger: its impact on children's health and mental health. Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):e41.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/110/4/e41
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12359814?tool=bestpractice.com
The psychosocial problems that often contribute to faltering growth may also impair children's development.