Breech presentation

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Fetus lies horizontally across the uterus with the shoulder as the presenting part.

Similar predisposing factors such as placenta praevia, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, and uterine anomalies, although more common in multiparity.[1]Cunningham F, Gant N, Leveno K, et al. Williams obstetrics. 21st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997.[2]Kish K, Collea JV. Malpresentation and cord prolapse. In: DeCherney AH, Nathan L, eds. Current obstetric and gynecologic diagnosis and treatment. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2002.[28]Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, Neilson J, et al. Guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.