Criteria

Hodges' stages of vitamin C status[1][69]

Optimal diet

  • Full saturation of the vitamin C body pool

  • Asymptomatic

  • Plasma ascorbate levels normal.

Sub-optimal diet

  • Incomplete saturation of the vitamin C body pool

  • Asymptomatic

  • Plasma ascorbate levels normal.

Deficient diet, brief period

  • Vitamin C-deficient diet for a period of time

  • Asymptomatic

  • Plasma ascorbate levels approach lower range of normal.

Deficient diet, prolonged period

  • Vitamin C-deficient diet for a period of time

  • Signs and symptoms of scurvy appearing once the body pool of vitamin C <300 mg

  • Whole blood ascorbate levels typically <17 micromol/L (<0.3 mg/100 mL).

Scurvy classification[1][2]

Latent scurvy: manifestations include lassitude, dyspnoea, dry skin, weakness, and irritability; dull aching muscle or joint pains in the legs and feet; and weight loss.

Manifest scurvy: manifestations include follicular hyperkeratosis; haemorrhagic manifestations, including gingival bleeding, perifollicular haemorrhages, large nodular or blackened ecchymoses, haemopericardium, haemorrhagic pleural effusion, and haemorrhagic stroke; swollen joints; and peripheral oedema with or without entrapment neuropathies.

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